Which of the following is a popular storage solution in the Hadoop ecosystem for handling large-scale distributed data?
- HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)
- MongoDB
- MySQL
- SQLite
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) is a distributed file system designed to store and manage large volumes of data across multiple nodes in a Hadoop cluster. It provides high throughput and fault tolerance, making it suitable for storing and processing big data applications. Unlike traditional relational databases like MySQL and SQLite, HDFS is optimized for handling large-scale distributed data across commodity hardware.
How do workflow orchestration tools assist in data processing tasks?
- By automating and orchestrating complex data workflows
- By optimizing SQL queries for performance
- By training machine learning models
- By visualizing data for analysis
Workflow orchestration tools assist in data processing tasks by automating and orchestrating complex data workflows. They enable data engineers to define workflows consisting of multiple tasks or processes, specify task dependencies, and schedule the execution of these workflows. This automation streamlines the data processing pipeline, improves operational efficiency, and reduces the likelihood of errors or manual interventions. Additionally, these tools provide monitoring and alerting capabilities to track the progress and performance of data workflows.
What is a covering index in a database?
- An index that covers only a subset of the columns
- An index that covers the entire table
- An index that includes additional metadata
- An index that includes all columns required by a query
A covering index in a database is an index that includes all the columns required by a query. It allows the database to retrieve data directly from the index without needing to access the table, improving query performance.
Which factor is not considered when selecting a data loading strategy?
- Data complexity
- Data storage capacity
- Data volume
- Network bandwidth
When selecting a data loading strategy, data storage capacity is not typically considered. Instead, factors such as data volume, complexity, and network bandwidth are prioritized for optimal performance.
The process of breaking down data into smaller chunks and processing them individually in a streaming pipeline is known as ________.
- Data aggregation
- Data normalization
- Data partitioning
- Data serialization
Data partitioning is the process of breaking down large datasets into smaller chunks, often based on key attributes, to distribute processing tasks across multiple nodes in a streaming pipeline. This approach enables parallel processing, improves scalability, and facilitates efficient utilization of computing resources in real-time data processing scenarios.
Why is it crucial to document data modeling decisions and assumptions?
- Enhances data security by encrypting sensitive data
- Ensures compliance with industry regulations
- Facilitates future modifications and troubleshooting
- Improves query performance by optimizing indexes
Documenting data modeling decisions and assumptions is crucial for facilitating future modifications, troubleshooting, and ensuring that all team members are aligned with the design choices made during the modeling process.
________ are used in Apache Airflow to define the order of task execution and any dependencies between tasks.
- DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs)
- Executors
- Schedulers
- Workers
In Apache Airflow, DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) are used to define the order of task execution and specify any dependencies between tasks. A DAG represents a workflow as a collection of tasks and the relationships between them. By defining DAGs, users can orchestrate complex workflows with clear dependencies and execution orders, facilitating efficient task scheduling and management.
In denormalization, what is the primary aim?
- Enhance data integrity
- Improve query performance
- Increase data redundancy
- Reduce storage space
The primary aim of denormalization is to improve query performance by reducing the number of joins needed to retrieve data, even at the cost of increased redundancy. This can speed up read-heavy operations.
A ________ is a diagrammatic representation of the relationships between entities in a database.
- Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
- Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
- Network Diagram
- Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram
An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) is specifically designed to illustrate the relationships between entities in a database, helping to visualize the structure and connections within the database.
What is the primary advantage of using a document-oriented NoSQL database?
- Built-in ACID transactions
- High scalability
- Schema flexibility
- Strong consistency
The primary advantage of using a document-oriented NoSQL database, such as MongoDB, is schema flexibility, allowing for easy and dynamic changes to the data structure without requiring a predefined schema.