A _______ algorithm is used in data mining for finding items frequently bought together in transactions.
- Apriori
- Decision Tree
- K-Means
- Linear Regression
The Apriori algorithm is commonly used in data mining for discovering associations between items in transactions. It identifies items that are frequently bought together, helping businesses understand patterns and make informed decisions. Decision Tree, K-Means, and Linear Regression are other algorithms used for different purposes.
Given def process(item): return item * item; items = [1, 2, 3, 4]; result = map(process, items); print(list(result)), what will be the output?
- [1, 2, 3, 4]
- [1, 4, 9, 16]
- [1, 8, 27, 64]
- [2, 4, 6, 8]
The map function applies the process function to each element in items, squaring each element. The output is [1, 4, 9, 16].
What are the ethical considerations in data-driven decision making?
- Data-driven decisions are always ethical
- Ethical considerations are irrelevant in data-driven decision making
- Limited impact on individuals' rights
- Privacy concerns and data bias
Ethical considerations in data-driven decision making include addressing privacy concerns, mitigating data bias, and ensuring fair and unbiased decision outcomes. Organizations need to be mindful of potential ethical challenges to make responsible and equitable decisions.
Given def check(x): return x > 5; print(list(filter(check, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]))), what is the output?
- [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
- [3, 4, 5]
- [6, 7]
- [6]
The filter function applies the check function to each element in the list [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] and returns only those for which check returns True. In this case, elements greater than 5 are [6, 7], so the output is [6, 7].
What is the primary goal of data mining in a business context?
- Calculating basic statistics
- Creating data visualizations
- Discovering hidden patterns and relationships in large datasets
- Storing data securely
The primary goal of data mining in a business context is to discover hidden patterns and relationships within large datasets. This involves the use of various techniques to extract valuable insights that can inform business decisions.
In SQL, the ________ function is used to return the number of rows that match a specified criterion.
- AVG
- COUNT
- MAX
- SUM
The COUNT function in SQL is used to return the number of rows that match a specified criterion. It is often used in combination with other SQL clauses to perform aggregate functions on data.
In data visualization, _______ are used to show the relationship between two quantitative variables for a set of data.
- Histograms
- Line graphs
- Pie charts
- Scatterplots
Scatterplots are used to show the relationship between two quantitative variables in a set of data. They are particularly useful for identifying patterns, trends, and correlations between variables. Histograms, Pie charts, and Line graphs serve different purposes in visualizing data.
What is the mode in a set of numbers, and how is it different from the mean and median?
- The middle value in a sorted list
- The most frequently occurring value
- The range of values
- The sum of all values divided by the number of values
The mode is the most frequently occurring value in a set of numbers. Unlike mean and median, it focuses on the frequency of values rather than their magnitude or order.
Which cloud computing technology is essential for distributed data processing in big data analysis?
- Docker
- Hadoop
- Kubernetes
- Spark
Apache Spark is essential for distributed data processing in big data analysis. It provides in-memory processing and is well-suited for iterative algorithms, making it a popular choice in big data frameworks.
How should a team leader approach a situation where team members have differing opinions on a project's direction?
- Assign tasks based on individual opinions without consensus.
- Facilitate open communication, encourage constructive discussions, and work collaboratively to find a consensus that aligns with project goals.
- Ignore differing opinions and proceed with the initial plan.
- Impose the team leader's opinion to maintain authority.
A team leader should encourage open communication, foster constructive discussions, and work collaboratively to find a consensus that aligns with project goals. This approach promotes a healthy team dynamic and increases the likelihood of successful project outcomes.