Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user's data and demands a ransom for the decryption key. It's a malicious tool used by cybercriminals to extort money from victims. Paying the ransom is discouraged, as there's no guarantee the data will be restored.

Tailgating is a social engineering technique where an attacker gains unauthorized physical access to a secured area by following an authorized person. It relies on the trust of the authorized person to allow the attacker entry.

In a strict CSP policy, you would set the 'default-src' value to 'none' to ensure that no resources are allowed by default. To allow only specific sources, you would then specify those sources individually in other CSP directives, like 'script-src', 'style-src', etc.

Application Whitelisting is a security measure that only allows approved applications to run on a system. It creates a list of trusted applications, and only those on the list can execute. This helps prevent the execution of unauthorized or malicious software.

WPA3 was developed as a stronger alternative to WEP and WPA, addressing their vulnerabilities. It enhances Wi-Fi security through encryption and authentication.

"Packet Sniffing" is the practice of intercepting and examining data packets in a network to gather information, often used in network security analysis.

The primary purpose of a VPN is to securely connect to a private network over the internet, ensuring data privacy and security, often used for remote work or accessing sensitive information.

The primary purpose of data encryption is Data Confidentiality. It ensures that unauthorized users cannot access or read sensitive data. It transforms the data into an unreadable format, which can only be deciphered with the appropriate decryption key.

Symmetric Encryption is a technique where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. It transforms plaintext into ciphertext using a mathematical algorithm and a secret key. The key size determines the number of possible transformations, which affects the security of the encryption.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule primarily addresses the security of protected health information (PHI) and electronic health records. It sets standards for securing health information, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient data.