In DLP strategies, which term refers to the unauthorized transfer of data outside of an organization's boundaries?
- Data Breach
- Data Exfiltration
- Data Leak
- Data Spill
Data Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from an organization's internal network to an external location. It's a critical concern in Data Loss Prevention (DLP) strategies, as it can lead to data breaches.
In the context of DLP, what is the primary concern of 'data in motion'?
- Data at rest in a database
- Data being accessed by authorized users
- Data being transmitted or transferred over a network
- Data stored on physical devices
In Data Loss Prevention (DLP), the primary concern of 'data in motion' is data being transmitted or transferred over a network. This includes data traveling over the internet, intranets, or other communication channels. DLP solutions monitor and protect data while it's in transit to prevent unauthorized access or leakage.
What is the primary difference between a vulnerability assessment and penetration testing?
- Goals and Scope
- Reporting and Remediation
- Timing and Frequency
- Tools and Techniques
The primary difference is in their goals and scope. Vulnerability assessments aim to identify vulnerabilities broadly, while penetration testing is focused on exploiting vulnerabilities to test system security. It's a difference in approach and objectives.
A company has remote employees who often access the company's internal network from public Wi-Fi hotspots. Which technology can ensure that the data transmitted between the remote employees and the company remains confidential and secure?
- Encryption
- Firewall
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most suitable solution to ensure data confidentiality and security when accessing internal resources over public networks. It encrypts the data, making it secure from eavesdroppers.
A company recently suffered a data breach. Upon investigation, it was found that they failed to encrypt customer data, which is a requirement under the regulation they adhere to. This situation could result in what kind of repercussions for the company?
- Enhanced public image
- Improved customer trust
- Legal penalties
- Reduced operational costs
The failure to encrypt customer data, especially when it's a requirement under regulation, can lead to legal penalties and fines due to non-compliance with data protection laws.
David is setting up a new computer for his company's CEO. He wants to ensure that even if the laptop is lost or stolen, the data on it cannot be accessed without proper authentication. Which of the following would be the most effective solution?
- Antivirus Software
- Biometric Authentication
- Firewall
- Full Disk Encryption
The most effective solution for ensuring that data on a lost or stolen laptop cannot be accessed without proper authentication is Full Disk Encryption. Full Disk Encryption encrypts the entire contents of the hard drive, making the data inaccessible without the correct decryption key or password.
Why might an organization choose to implement a split-tunneling VPN configuration?
- To achieve better compatibility with legacy systems
- To ensure end-to-end encryption
- To improve security
- To reduce network bandwidth usage
An organization may choose split-tunneling to conserve bandwidth by not routing all traffic through the VPN. It's a trade-off between security and efficiency.
In the context of web application security, what is the primary difference between "encoding" and "escaping"?
- Encoding ensures data integrity, while escaping prevents SQL injection.
- Encoding is a method for securing APIs, while escaping is used to secure session cookies.
- Encoding protects against HTML injection, while escaping is used to secure JavaScript.
- Encoding transforms data into a different format, while escaping makes data safe for use in specific contexts.
Encoding involves changing data into a different format so that it's safe for a particular context, such as converting special characters to HTML entities. Escaping, on the other hand, ensures data is safe for use in specific situations, like preventing SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS). The main difference is in their purpose and target use cases.
An employee loses their personal smartphone, which they also use for work-related tasks. They immediately report the loss to the IT department, which then remotely wipes the device. This action is most likely in accordance with which organizational policy?
- BYOD Policy
- Data Retention Policy
- Mobile Device Management (MDM) Policy
- Privacy Policy
This action is most likely in accordance with the Mobile Device Management (MDM) Policy. MDM policies often include provisions for remote device wiping to protect sensitive company data when a device is lost or stolen. It allows IT departments to remotely erase company data and applications from the device to prevent data breaches.
Which advanced cryptographic protocol allows two parties to securely compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private?
- DES
- Diffie-Hellman
- Homomorphic Encryption
- RSA
Homomorphic Encryption is an advanced cryptographic technique that allows two parties to perform computations on their encrypted data without revealing the data to each other. This is particularly useful in secure multi-party computation and privacy-preserving data analysis.