In terms of certificate management, what refers to the process of ensuring a certificate is still valid and has not been revoked?
- Certificate Authority (CA)
- Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
- Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a vital component of certificate management. It is a list of certificates that have been revoked before their expiration date. It is used to verify whether a certificate is still valid and hasn't been compromised.
A mandatory _______ policy is a type of security policy that relies on labels (attached to objects and users) to determine access.
- Access Control
- Mandatory Access
- Password
- Role-Based
A mandatory access control (MAC) policy is a security policy that enforces access controls based on labels assigned to subjects (users) and objects (resources). The labels define the sensitivity and integrity of objects and the clearances of subjects. Access is granted or denied based on these labels.
Multi-factor authentication typically involves how many different forms of evidence (or factors) for verifying a user's identity?
- Four factors
- One factor
- Three factors
- Two factors
Multi-factor authentication typically involves two or more different forms of evidence (factors) for verifying a user's identity. These factors can include something the user knows (password), something the user has (smart card or mobile device), and something the user is (biometric data like fingerprints).
Which authentication method involves something the user physically possesses, like a smart card or token?
- Biometric authentication
- Two-factor authentication
- Password authentication
- Single-factor authentication
Two-factor authentication (2FA) involves something the user physically possesses (like a smart card or token) and something they know (like a PIN or password). It provides an additional layer of security beyond just a password, making it more challenging for unauthorized users to gain access.
Which of the following best describes the concept of "role-based access control"?
- Access control is not enforced
- All users have equal access to all resources
- Users are authenticated using biometrics
- Users are grouped based on job roles, and permissions are assigned accordingly
Role-based access control (RBAC) is a concept in which users are grouped based on their job roles, and permissions are assigned accordingly. This approach simplifies access control by granting or restricting access based on job responsibilities, ensuring that users only have access to resources essential for their roles, which enhances security and administrative efficiency.
In DLP strategies, which term refers to the unauthorized transfer of data outside of an organization's boundaries?
- Data Breach
- Data Exfiltration
- Data Leak
- Data Spill
Data Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from an organization's internal network to an external location. It's a critical concern in Data Loss Prevention (DLP) strategies, as it can lead to data breaches.
In the context of DLP, what is the primary concern of 'data in motion'?
- Data at rest in a database
- Data being accessed by authorized users
- Data being transmitted or transferred over a network
- Data stored on physical devices
In Data Loss Prevention (DLP), the primary concern of 'data in motion' is data being transmitted or transferred over a network. This includes data traveling over the internet, intranets, or other communication channels. DLP solutions monitor and protect data while it's in transit to prevent unauthorized access or leakage.
What is the primary difference between a vulnerability assessment and penetration testing?
- Goals and Scope
- Reporting and Remediation
- Timing and Frequency
- Tools and Techniques
The primary difference is in their goals and scope. Vulnerability assessments aim to identify vulnerabilities broadly, while penetration testing is focused on exploiting vulnerabilities to test system security. It's a difference in approach and objectives.
A company has remote employees who often access the company's internal network from public Wi-Fi hotspots. Which technology can ensure that the data transmitted between the remote employees and the company remains confidential and secure?
- Encryption
- Firewall
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most suitable solution to ensure data confidentiality and security when accessing internal resources over public networks. It encrypts the data, making it secure from eavesdroppers.
A company recently suffered a data breach. Upon investigation, it was found that they failed to encrypt customer data, which is a requirement under the regulation they adhere to. This situation could result in what kind of repercussions for the company?
- Enhanced public image
- Improved customer trust
- Legal penalties
- Reduced operational costs
The failure to encrypt customer data, especially when it's a requirement under regulation, can lead to legal penalties and fines due to non-compliance with data protection laws.