During a security audit, a tester discovers that input fields in a web application are not properly sanitizing input, leading to database queries being altered. This vulnerability is indicative of a ____________.
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Cross-Site Script Inclusion (XSSI)
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- SQL Injection
The scenario describes a SQL Injection vulnerability, where input is not properly sanitized, allowing an attacker to manipulate database queries. This can lead to unauthorized access or manipulation of data. Understanding SQL Injection is crucial for developers to implement secure coding practices and for security professionals to detect and mitigate such vulnerabilities during audits or assessments.__________________________________________________
In an organization, automated systems detect a network intrusion and immediately respond to isolate the affected segment. This scenario exemplifies the use of ____________ in cybersecurity.
- Firewalls
- Incident Response
- Intrusion Prevention
- Threat Intelligence
The scenario illustrates the use of Incident Response, where automated systems detect and respond to a network intrusion by isolating the affected segment. Incident Response is a vital component of cybersecurity, involving the identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned from security incidents. A well-executed incident response plan is essential for minimizing the impact of security breaches on an organization's operations.__________________________________________________
A developer is creating a decentralized application (dApp) on a blockchain platform. The application automatically executes contracts when certain conditions are met. This functionality is enabled by ____________.
- Consensus Algorithms
- Cryptographic Hash Functions
- Public and Private Keys
- Smart Contracts
Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. They automatically execute predefined actions when specific conditions are met. Understanding the role of smart contracts is essential for developers working on decentralized applications (dApps) and for ensuring the secure and reliable execution of code on blockchain platforms.__________________________________________________
____________ is a network protocol used to secure Wi-Fi networks by providing a secure communication channel.
- HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
- TLS (Transport Layer Security)
- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
- WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a network protocol used to secure Wi-Fi networks by providing a secure communication channel. WPA improves upon the vulnerabilities of WEP and enhances wireless security. Understanding the role of WPA is crucial for implementing strong encryption and authentication mechanisms in Wi-Fi networks, safeguarding against unauthorized access and data interception.__________________________________________________
After a data breach, a company is able to trace the source of the leak back to a specific employee. This demonstrates the principle of ____________.
- Accountability
- Anonymity
- Integrity
- Non-repudiation
The ability to trace a data breach back to a specific employee demonstrates the principle of Accountability. Accountability ensures that individuals are responsible for their actions, making it possible to identify and address security incidents effectively. This principle plays a vital role in maintaining a secure environment and holding individuals accountable for their actions in the context of information security.__________________________________________________
An ____________ server is a server that provides authorization services in a networked computer system.
- Application
- Authentication
- Authorization
- LDAP
An Authorization server is a server responsible for providing authorization services in a networked computer system. It plays a key role in controlling access to resources based on permissions. Recognizing the distinction between authentication and authorization servers is essential for designing secure and well-controlled network environments.__________________________________________________
In a scenario where an API is experiencing a high volume of traffic from a single IP, a good security practice would be to implement ____________.
- Captcha Challenges
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- Rate Limiting
Implementing rate limiting is a good security practice to mitigate the risk of abuse or denial-of-service attacks on an API. By restricting the number of requests from a single IP within a specified time frame, rate limiting helps prevent excessive traffic and ensures fair usage. This measure is essential for maintaining the availability and performance of the API under varying traffic conditions.__________________________________________________
What is a 'risk matrix' used for in the context of cybersecurity?
- Assessing and prioritizing risks
- Blocking malicious websites
- Conducting penetration testing
- Encrypting sensitive data
A 'risk matrix' in the context of cybersecurity is used for assessing and prioritizing risks. It is a visual tool that helps organizations evaluate the potential impact and likelihood of various risks. By categorizing risks based on these factors, cybersecurity professionals can focus on addressing the most critical threats first. Understanding how to use a risk matrix is essential for effective risk management and decision-making in cybersecurity.__________________________________________________
A company conducts a test where ethical hackers simulate an attack on their network with the knowledge of the company's IT team. This is an example of a ____________ test.
- Black Box Test
- Gray Box Test
- Red Team Test
- White Box Test
A gray box test involves ethical hackers simulating an attack with partial knowledge of the internal systems. This collaborative approach allows testing the security defenses in a more realistic scenario. Understanding different testing methodologies, such as white, black, and gray box testing, is essential for organizations to assess and enhance their overall cybersecurity resilience.__________________________________________________
Which type of attack targets IoT devices to disrupt their normal functions?
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Denial-of-Service (DoS)
- Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack
- SQL Injection
A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack targets IoT devices to disrupt their normal functions by overwhelming them with a flood of traffic. This can lead to service unavailability and impact the device's performance. Understanding the threat of DoS attacks on IoT devices is crucial for implementing protective measures and ensuring the continuous and secure operation of connected devices.__________________________________________________