Symmetric Encryption is a technique where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. It transforms plaintext into ciphertext using a mathematical algorithm and a secret key. The key size determines the number of possible transformations, which affects the security of the encryption.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule primarily addresses the security of protected health information (PHI) and electronic health records. It sets standards for securing health information, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient data.

Asymmetric Encryption, also known as Public Key Encryption, uses a pair of keys – a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This approach allows secure communication without both parties needing to share the same secret key.

"cookie-policy" is not a valid directive in a Content Security Policy (CSP). CSPs define directives to control the sources from which certain types of content can be loaded. The other options like "script-src," "font-src," and "frame-ancestors" are valid directives used in CSP for different content types.

Using the unsafe-inline directive for scripts in a CSP is risky because it allows any inline script to run on the page. This essentially undermines the security benefits of CSP by permitting potentially harmful inline scripts, which is a security vulnerability.

The primary purpose of security compliance is to meet regulatory standards and ensure that an organization follows legal and industry-specific rules and guidelines to protect sensitive data and systems.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user's data and demands a ransom for the decryption key. It's a malicious tool used by cybercriminals to extort money from victims. Paying the ransom is discouraged, as there's no guarantee the data will be restored.

Tailgating is a social engineering technique where an attacker gains unauthorized physical access to a secured area by following an authorized person. It relies on the trust of the authorized person to allow the attacker entry.

In a strict CSP policy, you would set the 'default-src' value to 'none' to ensure that no resources are allowed by default. To allow only specific sources, you would then specify those sources individually in other CSP directives, like 'script-src', 'style-src', etc.

Application Whitelisting is a security measure that only allows approved applications to run on a system. It creates a list of trusted applications, and only those on the list can execute. This helps prevent the execution of unauthorized or malicious software.