The primary benefit of using tools like PostCSS in modern web development workflows is that it allows you to write CSS in JavaScript files, which enhances code modularity. PostCSS enables the use of CSS features that might not be available in traditional CSS, making it a powerful tool for optimizing and streamlining your styles.

In the BEM (Block Element Modifier) methodology, elements are represented with a single hyphen - connecting the block and element names. Therefore, the correct way to represent an element named "item" inside a block named "menu" is by using the class .menu-item.

To target devices with retina displays specifically, you can use the @media query and specify the min-device-pixel-ratio property. The value of 2 represents a typical retina display, where each CSS pixel corresponds to 2 physical device pixels. So, the correct option is @media (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2).

To reveal or hide portions of the background based on the foreground content, you can use background-clip: text;. This property allows the background to show through the text or other foreground elements, creating an interesting visual effect.

The CSS property that adjusts the space between lines of text is "line-height." It is used to control the vertical space between lines, making text more readable and aesthetically pleasing. A larger value increases the line spacing, while a smaller value decreases it.

The 'padding' property in CSS affects the space inside an element. It determines the spacing between the element's content and its border, creating internal space.

The grid-area property is used to span multiple rows and columns in a grid layout. By defining the starting and ending grid lines within this property, you can control how many rows and columns your grid item spans.

The CSS property that controls whether an element is displayed on the page is the display property. It determines the rendering behavior of an element, and it can be set to values like none, block, inline, and more to control how the element is visually presented on the page. For example, setting display: none; will make the element invisible and take up no space on the page.

The primary purpose of the letter-spacing property in CSS is to adjust the space between letters in text. It allows you to increase or decrease the space between characters, making text more tightly packed or more spaced out, which can be useful for achieving specific design or typographic effects.

If a CSS rule has the !important declaration, it takes the highest precedence, regardless of the specificity of other rules. The !important rule will override any conflicting rule, even if it has a higher specificity.