BEM (Block Element Modifier) methodology recommends using an underscore (_) to separate the block from the element in class names. This naming convention enhances code readability and helps identify the hierarchy of elements within a block. For instance, a button element inside a header block might be named header_button.

When an element's position is set to absolute and no ancestors are positioned (with relative, absolute, or fixed positioning), it is positioned relative to the viewport, which is the browser window. This means it's positioned in relation to the visible area of the web page.

To select list items that are the only child within their containing unordered list, you should use the :only-child pseudo-class. This targets elements that are the only child of their parent, ensuring that it's the sole element within the parent container.

Media queries with the orientation feature are used to detect whether the device is in portrait or landscape mode. This is valuable in responsive web design as it allows you to adjust the layout and styling based on the device's orientation, ensuring a better user experience.

To create a sidebar that sticks to the top after scrolling past its initial position but stops sticking when it reaches the footer, you should apply the "position: sticky" property. It maintains the element's natural position until a specified scrolling threshold is reached, and then it behaves as if it were fixed.

The "forwards" value for the "animation-fill-mode" property makes the animation continue in its final state after completion. It ensures that the final keyframe of the animation is retained as the end state even after the animation completes.

When certain properties like opacity and transform are animated, they are considered more performant because they typically don't trigger relayouts or "reflows" in most browsers. Relayouts are costly in terms of performance and can significantly slow down animations.

The "animation-direction" property in CSS allows you to control the direction of an animation. Setting it to "reverse" will make the animation play in the reverse direction, essentially rewinding the animation.

To target both an ordered list (ol) and its list items (li) in a single CSS selector, you should use "ol li" without any comma or additional characters. This selector will apply styles to all li elements within an ol element.

The value of animation-fill-mode that ensures the animation's styles are applied before the animation begins is backwards. When you set animation-fill-mode to backwards, the element retains the styles of the first keyframe until the animation begins. This can be useful to set initial styles before the animation starts.