Which of the following is not a legitimate reason to use function templates?
- To support multiple types with the same function logic
- To increase execution speed
- To reduce code size
- To create a list of unrelated types
Function templates are utilized primarily to enable generic programming, meaning writing code that works for multiple data types without repetition. While they may have indirect effects on execution speed or code size, using them to group unrelated types doesn't align with their primary purpose.
Which of the following data types has the smallest size in C++?
- int
- float
- char
- double
In C++, the char data type typically takes up 1 byte of memory, which is smaller than int, float, or double. The exact size of int can vary depending on the platform, but char is defined by the standard to always be at least 1 byte, making it the smallest of the given options.
What does the new operator do in C++?
- Deletes memory
- Compares memory
- Allocates memory
- Modifies memory
The new operator in C++ is used to allocate memory on the heap at runtime. When you use new, it returns a pointer to the beginning of the block of memory it allocated. This is essential for dynamic memory management, as it allows more flexible storage allocation during program execution.
When dynamically allocating an array of integers using new, which of the following syntax is correct?
- int* arr = new int;
- int arr = new int[10];
- int arr[10] = new int;
- int* arr = new int[10];
The correct way to dynamically allocate an array of integers in C++ using the new operator is int* arr = new int[10];. This syntax allocates memory for 10 integers on the heap and returns a pointer to the first element.
You are developing a multi-threaded application where multiple clients are sending data to a server. Each client is handled in a separate thread and communicates with the server in a loop. If a client sends an incorrect data format, the server should ignore it and wait for the next data. How might continue be used in this case?
- To terminate the client's thread.
- To send an error message back to the client.
- To disconnect the client.
- To skip the processing of the incorrect data and wait for the next input.
In a multi-threaded context, when a client sends data in an incorrect format, the server can utilize the continue statement to skip any further processing of that particular piece of data and return to the beginning of the loop to wait for the next data. This ensures that the server doesn't waste resources processing invalid data but remains ready to handle valid inputs.
Which of the following scenarios is the most suitable for applying recursion?
- Iterating through elements in an array.
- Calculating the total sales of a company.
- Solving problems that have repetitive structures.
- Creating graphical user interfaces.
Recursion is particularly suitable for problems that exhibit repetitive or nested structures. Examples include problems like calculating factorial, traversing trees, or solving the Towers of Hanoi. Such problems can be broken down into smaller instances of the same problem, making them perfect candidates for a recursive approach.
The enum class introduces _______ scope to prevent enumerators from polluting the namespace.
- global
- restricted
- local
- strong
The enum class introduces "strong" scoping. This ensures that the enumerator names are not directly accessible without the name of the enumeration, thus preventing name clashes and polluting the global namespace.
To find the first mismatching elements of two ranges in C++ STL, use the _______ algorithm.
- find
- mismatch
- search
- differentiate
The mismatch algorithm in C++ STL is used to compare two ranges and returns a pair of iterators pointing to the first position where the two ranges differ.
The _______ keyword is used to explicitly instantiate a template.
- extern
- instantiate
- explicit
- using
The "extern" keyword can be used to explicitly instantiate a template. While templates are usually instantiated implicitly when they are used, in certain scenarios, developers might want to instantiate a template explicitly to ensure that instantiation happens in a particular translation unit, and "extern" facilitates this.
When a class B is inherited publicly from a class A, then the protected members of class A will become _______ in class B.
- public
- private
- protected
- static
When inheritance in C++ is public, the protected members of the base class (Class A in this context) remain protected in the derived class (Class B). This ensures that they are accessible within Class B but not outside of it.