The std::vector container provides constant time (O(1)) access to elements using random access iterators. However, insertions (especially in the middle or at the beginning) might take linear time (O(n)) as elements need to be shifted to make space for the new element.

When an exception of Derived type is caught as its base type, using dynamic_cast can help determine the exact type of the caught exception. This can be useful if you want to take specific actions based on the exact type of the exception. Remember, dynamic_cast will return a nullptr if the cast is not valid for pointers or throw a std::bad_cast exception for references, so it's essential to check for these cases.

Instantiating a class template with a type that doesn't meet the template's requirements would result in a compilation error. Templates rely on the types they are instantiated with to adhere to specific criteria. If those criteria aren't met, the compiler will produce an error message indicating the discrepancies.

In C++, the logical AND (&&) operator employs short-circuit evaluation. If the left operand is false, the right operand isn't evaluated because the overall result will already be false.

The get() method is used to read a single character from a file in C++. While extract() is not a standard method for this purpose, fetch() and pull() are not associated with file reading in the standard C++ library.

In C++, when a non-member function is declared as a friend of a class, it can access both private and protected members of that class. Public members are accessible to all functions, so the unique ability granted by the friendship is access to the private and protected members.

In C++, the == operator is used for equality comparison. It checks if the values of two operands are equal. On the other hand, = is an assignment operator, === is not valid in C++, and != is the not-equal operator.

The ofstream class stands for output file stream. It is primarily used for performing output operations on files, meaning it's used for writing data to files. This class provides methods and properties needed to write data.

In C++, the char data type is specifically designed to store characters. It typically occupies 1 byte in memory and can represent a single character from the ASCII table.

In C++, the "final" keyword is used to prevent a class from being inherited. This means that no other class can be derived from a class declared as "final".