You are tasked with implementing a recursive algorithm that, during testing, experiences a stack overflow error. Which approach might be most effective in resolving this issue without significantly altering the algorithm? 

  • Increase the system's stack size. 
  • Convert recursion to an iterative process. 
  • Use a dynamic programming approach. 
  • Optimize memory allocation in other parts of the code.
A stack overflow error typically indicates that there's too much recursion, causing the system's stack to exceed its capacity. One effective way to resolve this is by converting the recursive algorithm to an iterative process using loops, which can help manage the stack better and prevent such errors. This retains the logic without heavily depending on the system's stack.

Which keyword is used to catch exceptions in C++? 

  • handle 
  • rescue 
  • catch 
  • secure
In C++, the catch keyword is used to define a block of statements that will be executed when a particular exception is thrown. This block is used to handle the exception and provide a response, ensuring that the program can continue or terminate gracefully.

In C++, an abstract class can have a mix of abstract as well as _______ methods. 

  • concrete 
  • private 
  • static 
  • virtual
An abstract class in C++ can have both abstract methods (methods without any definition) and concrete methods (methods with a definition). This allows for a mix of defined and undefined behaviors in subclasses.

Which type of class inheritance allows a derived class to inherit attributes and methods from more than one base class? 

  • Single 
  • Multilevel 
  • Multiple 
  • Hierarchical
Multiple inheritance in C++ allows a derived class to inherit attributes and methods from more than one base class. This contrasts with single inheritance where a class can inherit only from one superclass. C++ supports multiple inheritance, unlike some other OO languages.

The function _______ allows you to swap the elements of two containers in C++ STL. 

  • push_back 
  • begin 
  • swap 
  • emplace_back
The swap function in C++ STL allows for a quick swap of elements between two containers. This operation is usually done in constant time as only the internal pointers are exchanged.

In C++ STL, the function _______ is used to remove consecutive duplicate elements in a range. 

  • remove 
  • unique 
  • delete 
  • erase
The unique algorithm in C++ STL is used to eliminate consecutive duplicate elements from a range. The range after the unique elements is left with unspecified values.

The keyword _______ is used to grant a function or class access to the private and protected members of another class in C++. 

  • using 
  • friend 
  • grant 
  • access
The keyword "friend" in C++ is used to specify that a particular external function or another class can access the private and protected members of the class in which it is declared. This is fundamental to the concept of friend functions and friend classes.

You are working on a large-scale simulation software where numerous animal species are modeled. Which type of inheritance might be most suitable to model individual animal species without encountering the diamond problem? 

  • Single Inheritance 
  • Multiple Inheritance 
  • Hierarchical Inheritance 
  • Multilevel Inheritance
Single inheritance ensures that a class inherits from only one other class, thus avoiding the diamond problem. The diamond problem arises in languages that support multiple inheritance and can result in ambiguity in the inheritance hierarchy. Single inheritance ensures a clear, linear progression without any ambiguities.

In a situation where multiple if conditions are true, the _______ block will be executed in C++. 

  • first 
  • last 
  • second 
  • all
In C++, when multiple 'if' conditions are true, only the block corresponding to the first true condition will be executed. Subsequent true conditions are ignored.

Which of the following scenarios is the most suitable for using a break statement in a professional codebase? 

  • When you want to exit the program. 
  • When you want to initialize variables. 
  • To exit a loop when a certain condition becomes true. 
  • To increase the performance of loops.
The break statement is primarily used for exiting a loop or a switch when a specific condition is met. In a professional codebase, it's particularly useful for scenarios where processing should not continue once a certain condition has been satisfied, ensuring efficient and intended behavior.