Passing arguments by reference allows functions to access the original memory location without creating a copy, leading to more efficient memory usage. While passing by pointer can achieve a similar outcome, it requires manual dereferencing. Passing by reference is a more idiomatic solution in C++ for this use case.

The break statement in C++ is used to terminate the loop, irrespective of whether the loop's condition has been met or not. This can be useful when a certain condition, separate from the loop's terminating condition, is met and the loop needs to end prematurely.

A meta-template is a template that takes another template as its parameter. This advanced concept allows for more abstraction and flexibility in template programming.

In C++, when two integers are divided, the result is always an integer. If there's any fractional part, it gets truncated. For instance, 5 divided by 2 results in 2, not 2.5. To obtain a floating-point result, one or both operands should be a floating-point type.

A function that calls itself, either directly or by calling another function that eventually results in the original function being called again, is termed recursive.

An abstract class in C++ is a class that cannot be instantiated and is meant to be inherited by other classes. It's declared using the virtual keyword, especially when a virtual function is set to 0, making it a pure virtual function, thus making the class abstract.

Short-circuit evaluation refers to the evaluation of logical expressions in a left-to-right manner, stopping as soon as the outcome is determined. For instance, in the logical AND operation (&&), if the left operand is false, the right operand won't even be evaluated because the entire expression is already false.

The "Diamond Problem" arises due to multiple inheritance when a particular class is accessible through multiple paths, often causing ambiguity. For instance, if two base classes A and B have the same method and a derived class inherits both A and B, there's ambiguity on which method to call if not overridden in the derived class.

A pure virtual function in C++ is declared using "= 0" and doesn't have an implementation in the base class. It's a way to ensure that derived classes provide their own implementation of the function, effectively making the base class abstract. This ensures a consistent interface.

There isn't a fixed limit to how many conditions you can nest using if-else structures in C++. However, it's essential to keep code readability and maintainability in mind. Excessively nested conditions can make the code hard to understand and debug.