To get the correct result, Jake should add 5 and 7 first and then multiply the result by 3. The expression (5 + 7) * 3 achieves this, providing the correct answer of 36.

The process of selecting the most appropriate method from a set of overloaded methods is called 'Method Resolution' or 'Function Resolution.' This is determined by the number and types of arguments in the function call. It's a crucial concept in polymorphism and method overloading in C++.

The do-while loop is well-suited for situations where you want to execute a block of code at least once and then, based on a condition, decide whether to continue executing. It ensures that the code inside the loop is executed at least once, unlike the while loop, which may not execute if the condition is initially false.

James can use the break statement labeled with the outermost loop to exit all nested loops when the condition is met. It will terminate the loop currently executing and any enclosing loops. Using return would exit the entire function, which might not be desired. continue and goto are not designed for this specific purpose.

The "==" operator in C++ is the equality operator, and it is used to check if two operands are equal. It returns true if the operands are equal and false otherwise. This operator is frequently used in conditional statements and comparisons in C++ programs.

In C++, the string data type is used to store a sequence of characters, such as words or sentences. It provides convenient methods for working with text data, unlike other data types like char or int.

When an inline function is too long or complex, it can lead to increased code size. This is because the function's code is inserted at each call site, potentially resulting in larger compiled code. However, this may be offset by improved performance due to reduced function call overhead.

In C++, when a return type is not explicitly provided for a function, it defaults to 'void.' This means the function does not return a value. It's essential when you have functions that perform actions without returning a result, such as void functions for input/output or setting variables.

Functions in C++ can return multiple values using tuples. A tuple is an ordered collection of elements, and it's an excellent way to return multiple values from a function. It's more flexible than returning values using pointers, references, or arrays, as it allows you to return values of different types. Tuples were introduced in C++11.

In C++, the 'typedef' keyword is used to define user-defined data types. It allows you to create aliases for existing data types, making your code more readable and maintainable.