Alex should use a do-while loop for this purpose. A do-while loop executes a block of code at least once and then repeats it based on a condition. It's ideal for menu-driven programs because it ensures that the menu is displayed at least once, even if the user chooses to exit immediately.

On a typical 32-bit system, the 'int' data type in C++ has a size of 4 bytes. This means it can store integer values within the range of approximately -2 billion to 2 billion.

In C++, constructors are special member functions that are called automatically when an object of a class is created. If Mia's program has a function called before entering the main function, it's likely a constructor for an object instantiated before main.

A nested if-else structure consists of if statements inside other if statements. It can handle multiple conditions, but it may lead to less readable and maintainable code. In contrast, using else if chains allows for mutually exclusive conditions, making the code more structured and easier to follow. Else if chains are often preferred in scenarios where multiple conditions need to be checked.

The wchar_t data type in C++ is used to store wide characters. Wide characters are typically used to represent characters from extended character sets like Unicode. While char represents single-byte characters, wchar_t can hold multi-byte characters, making it suitable for wide character support.

Inline functions are not recommended in functions with large loops because it can lead to code bloat. The inline function code would be replicated within the loop, potentially increasing code size significantly.

In C++, the conditional operator "?:" is commonly known as the ternary operator. It is a shorthand way to write conditional expressions and is often used to assign values based on a condition. The operator takes three operands: a condition, a value if the condition is true, and a value if the condition is false.

The standard signature for the main function in C# and many other programming languages returns an integer and accepts two arguments, typically string[] args for command-line arguments.

In a switch statement in C++, each "case" ends with the "break" keyword. The "break" statement is crucial in switch statements to prevent fall-through, meaning that once a case is matched and its code block is executed, the program exits the switch block.

In C/C++, if there's no break statement at the end of a case in a switch statement, the control will continue to execute the next case statements without any regard for the case conditions. This behavior is known as "fall-through." It's important to use break statements to avoid unintended fall-through.