Extensively using nested loops can significantly degrade performance. Each additional level of nesting increases the number of iterations exponentially, which can lead to slower code execution and increased resource usage. It's essential to carefully consider the need for nested loops in your code.

The action of executing a function within a program is called "Invocation." When you invoke a function, you are instructing the program to execute the code inside that function. The other options have different meanings: Prototype is a declaration of the function's signature, Declaration is a statement that tells the compiler about a function's name and signature, and Definition is the specification of a function's behavior.

Chris should revisit the PEMDAS principle, which stands for Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division (from left to right), and Addition and Subtraction (from left to right). It helps clarify the order of operations in complex mathematical expressions.

The ternary conditional operator (a ? b : c) in C++ is right-to-left associative. This means that it evaluates from right to left, making it different from most other operators in the language.

For Lisa's scenario, the most appropriate control structure is the "Switch Statement." A switch statement allows you to evaluate a single expression against multiple possible constant values, making it ideal for executing different code blocks based on the day of the week.

Sarah should share the Function Declarations with others. Function Declarations provide information about the name, parameters, and return type of a function without revealing the actual implementation details. This allows users of the library to understand how to use the functions without being concerned about their internal workings.

Robert should use "Function Overloading" to write a function that can accept either two or three parameters. Function overloading allows him to define multiple functions with the same name in the same scope but with different parameter lists. The compiler will then determine which function to call based on the number or types of arguments passed to it. This flexibility enables Robert to create a single function name with different parameter options.

In programming, a "while" statement is a control structure that creates a loop. It repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true. This is useful for scenarios where you want to perform an action multiple times until a certain condition is met.

A common mistake that leads to infinite loops is forgetting to update the 'Counter' variable. In loops, the counter variable is crucial for controlling the loop's progress and termination.

In nested loops, a break statement is used to exit the innermost loop. When it's executed, control exits the inner loop, not the outer one. Therefore, the correct option is 'Inner.'