What is the primary purpose of the return statement in C++ functions?
- To loop the function
- To display a value
- To exit the function
- To allocate memory
In C++, the return statement is primarily used to conclude the execution of a function and provide a value back to the caller. It signifies the end of a function's execution and optionally returns a value to the calling function.
What will be the output of a loop if the continue statement is placed before the print statement inside the loop?
- The loop will not output anything
- The loop will output values continuously
- The loop will only output the first value
- The loop will output alternate values
If the continue statement is placed before the print statement inside a loop, it will cause the loop to skip the print statement during every iteration. Therefore, nothing will be outputted by the loop.
A function that does not return a value has a return type of _______.
- void
- int
- char
- bool
In C++, if a function is not returning any value, its return type is void. It indicates that the function does not return a value to the calling function.
In C++, the return statement cannot be used inside a _______.
- constructor
- destructor
- class
- loop
In C++, constructors are used for initializing objects. They don't return values, not even void. Therefore, the return statement is not allowed inside a constructor.
Imagine a function that performs file I/O and may throw an exception. What might be a concern if this function is used inside a constructor, and how might it be addressed?
- The object may not be fully constructed.
- Memory leaks could occur.
- An invalid object can be accessed elsewhere in the code.
- File operations might be slow.
If an exception is thrown during the construction of an object, that object's destructor will not be called since the object was never fully constructed. This can lead to resource leaks or other inconsistencies. It's crucial to ensure that if a constructor might throw an exception, all resources acquired up to that point are properly released to prevent such issues. Proper exception handling and resource management techniques, like RAII, are essential.
The minimum possible value of a variable of type short int is _______.
- -32768
- 0
- -1024
- -2147483648
The short int type in C++ is typically 16 bits in size. Given that it's signed, half of the 2^16 possible values are negative. The range thus typically starts at -32768 and goes up to 32767.
What is the difference between break and continue in the context of a loop?
- break stops the loop, continue skips to the next iteration
- break skips to the next iteration, continue stops the loop
- Both have the same function
- Neither is used in loops
In a loop, the break statement is used to exit the loop prematurely, halting its execution entirely. On the other hand, the continue statement skips the remaining part of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration.
What is the primary benefit of using class templates in C++?
- Faster execution
- Reduced memory usage
- Code optimization
- Genericity
Class templates in C++ provide the ability to create classes that can work with a variety of data types without the need to redefine the class for each type, offering a level of genericity and flexibility in code design.
The concept of Streams in C++ was introduced in the standard with _______.
- C++03
- C++11
- C++14
- C++98
Streams, which are part of the C++ Standard Library, were formalized in the C++98 standard. They provide a mechanism to perform input and output operations.
What happens if an exception is thrown but not caught in a C++ program?
- The program continues normally.
- The program crashes.
- The exception is ignored.
- The exception is retried.
When an exception is thrown but not caught in a C++ program, it leads to the termination of the program. This is because unhandled exceptions indicate unforeseen errors, and the program cannot predict how to safely continue in such cases.