The "break" keyword is used to exit out of a loop, even if the loop condition remains true. It's commonly used when a specific condition within the loop is met, and you want to prematurely exit the loop's execution.

Emma is trying to "call the function." Calling a function means invoking it in her program, which executes the code inside the function's implementation. By calling the function, Emma instructs her program to perform the specific action defined in the function.

If you want to test a condition and execute a single statement in C++, you can use an if statement without the curly brackets (braces). This is known as a single-line if statement. However, it's essential to note that it can only execute one statement, and the use of curly brackets is recommended for clarity and maintainability.

The C++ operator new can be used to request memory allocation for a variable dynamically. It is used in C++ to allocate memory on the heap for objects or data structures during runtime.

Function overloading is a feature in C++ that allows you to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters. This enables you to create functions that perform similar tasks but with different input types or numbers of arguments. It promotes code reusability and clarity.

The main function in a C++ program is responsible for "Starting Program Execution." When a C++ program is executed, the main function is the entry point where the program begins execution. It contains the code that will be executed first.

C++ distinguishes between overloaded functions at compile time primarily by considering the function name and the parameter types. The return type is not used for this purpose. This is known as compile-time or static polymorphism.

The main difference between the float and double data types is precision. float is a single-precision floating-point type, which means it offers less precision compared to double, which is a double-precision floating-point type. Double-precision variables can represent numbers with greater accuracy and a larger range of values compared to single-precision variables.

John should use an "If-Else Statement" to determine whether a number is even or odd. The "If-Else" control structure allows him to evaluate a condition (e.g., number % 2 == 0) and execute different code blocks based on whether the condition is true or false. In this case, he can check if the number is divisible by 2 to decide if it's even or odd.

The return statement in the main function specifies the value the program returns to the operating system. A return value of 0 typically indicates a successful execution, while a non-zero value can indicate an error or abnormal termination. This allows other programs and scripts to check the exit status of the C++ program.