First Normal Form (1NF) requires that each attribute value within a table should be atomic or indivisible. This means that an attribute should not contain multiple values or be a composite of other attributes. Ensuring atomicity helps maintain data integrity and facilitates efficient data manipulation.

The correct option is "config." The ".git/config" file in a Git repository contains configuration settings specific to that repository. These settings can include information about remote repositories, branch settings, user credentials, and more. Modifying the configuration file can customize how Git behaves for that particular repository.

In a real-time embedded system, using a fixed-priority scheduling algorithm for memory allocation is crucial to meet real-time constraints. This approach ensures that processes critical for timely response to external events are given higher priority in accessing memory resources. By assigning fixed priorities, the system can guarantee that essential tasks receive the necessary memory resources without delays caused by resource contention. This strategy is effective in maintaining the system's responsiveness and meeting stringent real-time requirements, thereby enhancing overall system reliability and performance.

Option 2, Linked List, is the best-suited data structure for implementing a stack. This is because a stack requires constant time operations for push and pop operations, which can be efficiently achieved using a linked list's dynamic memory allocation and pointer manipulation.

In a priority queue, elements are dequeued based on their priority level, where higher-priority elements are dequeued before lower-priority elements. Priority queues are often implemented using heaps to efficiently maintain the highest priority element at the front.

Optimizing a slow SQL query on a large dataset involves using proper indexing techniques. Indexes help the database system locate and retrieve data more efficiently, leading to faster query execution. Rewriting the query using optimized SQL syntax can also improve performance. Increasing server RAM or adding more data won't directly optimize the query's speed.

The correct option is 'Enqueue.' In a queue, the Enqueue operation adds an element to the rear, following the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle where the element added first is removed first.

Implementing a FIFO (First-In-First-Out) approach using a queue is ideal for ensuring messages are delivered in the order they were sent. In this approach, messages are added to the end of the queue and processed in the same order they were received, maintaining chronological order. A LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) approach would reverse the message order, which is not suitable for messaging applications. Priority-based approaches may prioritize certain messages over others, potentially disrupting the order of delivery. Circular buffers are more suited for fixed-size data storage, not for maintaining message order in a dynamic messaging system.

Method overloading in OOP refers to defining multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding, on the other hand, involves replacing a method in a subclass with a new implementation. This distinction is crucial for polymorphism and code reuse.

The Iterative SDLC model involves revisiting and refining work in multiple cycles, allowing for feedback incorporation and continuous improvement. On the other hand, the Incremental SDLC model delivers functionality in increments, providing tangible value early and enabling progressive development.