To convert a string to an integer in JavaScript, you can use the _______ function.
- parseInteger
- toInteger
- parseInt
- convertToInt
The correct option is "parseInt." In JavaScript, the "parseInt" function is used to convert a string to an integer. It parses a string argument and returns an integer of the specified radix (the base in mathematical numeral systems). The other options provided ("parseInteger," "toInteger," and "convertToInt") are not valid JavaScript functions for this purpose.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the Priority Scheduling algorithm.
- Efficient for real-time systems, prone to convoy effect, may not be fair to lower priority processes, simple to implement.
- Ensures fairness among processes, may not be suitable for systems with a large number of processes, may lead to priority inversion.
- Flexible, may lead to starvation, can be implemented with various strategies, such as preemptive or non-preemptive.
- Prioritizes important tasks, can cause low-priority tasks to be neglected indefinitely, minimizes response time for high-priority tasks.
Priority scheduling offers flexibility in task management by allowing the implementation of preemptive or non-preemptive strategies based on system requirements. However, it can lead to starvation where low-priority tasks never get executed, and it may not always be fair to lower-priority processes, potentially causing issues like priority inversion. Despite these drawbacks, it efficiently handles real-time systems and minimizes response time for critical tasks.
How does the Aging technique improve the performance of priority-based scheduling algorithms?
- Decreases the priority of older processes, enhances the priority of high-priority tasks, reduces the impact of aging on system performance, mitigates issues with priority inversion.
- Dynamically adjusts priorities based on process age, eliminates the need for preemptive scheduling, improves system responsiveness, prevents aging-related problems.
- Increases the priority of older processes, prevents starvation of lower-priority processes, ensures fairness in task execution, minimizes the impact of priority inversion.
- Maintains static priorities for all processes, relies solely on preemptive scheduling, can lead to starvation of older processes, exacerbates priority inversion issues.
The Aging technique in priority-based scheduling algorithms involves increasing the priority of older processes over time. This prevents starvation of lower-priority processes while ensuring fairness and minimizing the impact of priority inversion. By dynamically adjusting priorities based on process age, the system becomes more responsive and efficient. This approach contrasts with static priorities or preemptive-only strategies, which can lead to various scheduling challenges.
In a real-time system, you're required to meet strict deadlines for task completion. How would you design a scheduling strategy to guarantee timely execution of critical processes?
- Use a First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) scheduling algorithm
- Implement a Priority-Based scheduling algorithm
- Utilize a Round-Robin scheduling algorithm
- Employ a Deadline-Monotonic scheduling algorithm
Option 4: Employing a Deadline-Monotonic scheduling algorithm is essential in meeting strict deadlines for task completion in a real-time system. This algorithm assigns priorities based on task deadlines, ensuring that critical processes with closer deadlines are executed first. By prioritizing tasks according to their deadlines, the system can guarantee timely execution of critical processes, crucial for real-time applications such as control systems or multimedia streaming.
A _________ linked list is a type of linked list where each node's next pointer points to the previous node.
- Binary
- Circular
- Doubly
- Linear
A doubly linked list is one in which each node has two pointers, one pointing to the next node and one pointing to the previous node, forming a bidirectional sequence.
How does FTP differ from SFTP in terms of security?
- FTP requires authentication, while SFTP does not
- FTP supports passive mode, while SFTP supports active mode
- FTP transfers data in plain text, while SFTP encrypts data during transmission
- FTP uses UDP for data transfer, while SFTP uses TCP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) differ significantly in terms of security. FTP transmits data in plain text, making it vulnerable to interception and unauthorized access. In contrast, SFTP encrypts data during transmission, enhancing security by protecting sensitive information from being compromised.
Which ACID property ensures that transactions maintain consistency in the database?
- Isolation
- Availability
- Atomicity
- Consistency
The correct option is Consistency. Consistency in ACID properties ensures that transactions maintain the correctness and integrity of the database. It guarantees that any transaction brings the database from one valid state to another valid state, preserving data consistency despite concurrent transactions or system failures. Consistency ensures that database constraints are not violated, such as primary key uniqueness or referential integrity, maintaining the overall reliability of the database. This property plays a vital role in ensuring data accuracy and reliability in multi-user and high-transaction environments, preventing conflicting or erroneous data changes.
DNS resolves domain names to ___________ addresses.
- IP
- MAC
- URL
DNS (Domain Name System) resolves domain names (like example.com) to IP (Internet Protocol) addresses (like 192.168.1.1) that computers use to communicate on a network. This translation is crucial for users to access websites and services using memorable domain names instead of numeric IP addresses.
The worst-case time complexity of heapsort is ___________.
- O(log n)
- O(n log n)
- O(n)
- O(n^2)
The worst-case time complexity of heapsort is O(n log n). Heapsort involves two main operations: building a heap (heapify) and repeatedly removing the maximum (for a max heap) or minimum (for a min heap) element. Both of these operations have a time complexity of O(n log n) in the worst case, resulting in heapsort also having a worst-case time complexity of O(n log n). This makes heapsort an efficient sorting algorithm for large datasets.
The ___________ algorithm is used to build a heap data structure.
- Bubble Sort
- Heapify
- Quick Sort
- Selection Sort
The heapify algorithm is used to build a heap data structure, particularly in algorithms like heapsort. Heapify involves arranging elements in a way that satisfies the heap property, which can be either a max heap (where each parent node is greater than or equal to its children) or a min heap (where each parent node is less than or equal to its children). This process is fundamental in maintaining the structure and efficiency of operations on heaps.