Monitor: This option refers to a synchronization construct that allows threads to wait until a condition is true before proceeding. Monitors provide a higher level of abstraction compared to mutexes and semaphores, as they encapsulate both the data being protected and the synchronization mechanisms within a single construct. They help in preventing race conditions and ensuring thread safety in concurrent programming.

Option 2: Using a mix of scheduling algorithms based on process types is the most effective approach. For CPU-bound processes, a scheduling algorithm like Shortest Job Next (SJN) or Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) can be used to minimize waiting times and increase CPU utilization. For I/O-bound processes, a scheduling algorithm like First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) or Round Robin can be utilized to ensure fairness and efficient I/O utilization. This balanced approach optimizes resource usage for both types of processes.

Option 1 is correct. For a banking system, ACID-compliant transactions ensure data integrity, consistency, and security. Separate tables for accounts, transactions, and users allow for efficient data management and auditing. Distributed transactions and blockchain are not typically used in traditional banking systems due to complexity and regulatory concerns. Storing transactions in flat files lacks transactional integrity and is not suitable for secure financial data. While encryption is essential, it's a security measure rather than a primary transaction management method. Normalization is important but not the primary focus when dealing with financial transactions.

The main goal of debugging is to identify and fix defects, errors, or bugs in the code. It involves the process of analyzing code behavior, locating the source of issues, and making necessary corrections to ensure that the software functions correctly. Debugging is crucial for maintaining code quality, enhancing software reliability, and delivering a stable product to end-users.

CPU scheduling in operating systems involves managing the allocation of CPU resources to different processes. This ensures that the CPU is utilized efficiently by executing tasks in an optimized manner.

The Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm selects the page for replacement that has not been accessed for the longest time among all pages in memory. It operates on the principle that pages that have not been accessed recently are less likely to be accessed in the near future compared to recently accessed pages. This helps in optimizing memory usage by keeping frequently accessed pages in memory.

Virtualization technology primarily aims to consolidate multiple physical servers into one, allowing for more efficient resource utilization and reduced hardware costs. This facilitates easier management and scalability.

Bubble sort has a time complexity of O(n^2) in the worst-case scenario. This means that for every element in the array, it may need to compare it with every other element, leading to a quadratic growth in time complexity as the input size increases.

The .gitignore file is used to specify intentionally untracked files that Git should ignore. This can include build artifacts, temporary files, and other files that should not be included in version control.

The time complexity of searching for an element in a binary search tree (BST) is O(log n), where n is the number of nodes in the tree. This is because in a balanced BST, each comparison made during the search reduces the search space by half, leading to logarithmic time complexity.