In merge sort, the merge operation combines two ___________ arrays into a single sorted array.
- Equal-sized
- Sorted
- Subarray
- Unsorted
In merge sort, the merge operation combines two sorted arrays into a single sorted array. This is a crucial step in the merge sort algorithm, where the sorted subarrays from the divide step are merged back together to create a larger sorted array. The merging process compares elements from both arrays and arranges them in ascending or descending order, depending on the sorting order specified.
You're developing a web application where users need to upload images. How would you validate the file type and size using JavaScript?
- Use File API to check file size
- Use FileReader API to read file metadata
- Use accept attribute in tag
- Use typeof operator to check file type
Using the accept attribute in the tag allows specifying the allowed file types (MIME types) that users can upload. This provides client-side validation to ensure that only files of specified types are accepted. The File API, on the other hand, allows accessing file metadata, including size. Using typeof is not suitable for file type validation. The FileReader API is used to read file content, not metadata.
Docker uses ________ files to define the configuration of a containerized application.
- .yaml
- .json
- .cfg
- .dockerfile
The correct option is ".dockerfile." Docker uses Dockerfiles, which are plain text configuration files with a specific syntax, to define the steps needed to create a container image. These files specify the base image, environment variables, dependencies, and commands to run when the container starts. Dockerfiles are essential for building reproducible and version-controlled containerized applications, making it easier to manage and scale container deployments.
When is it preferable to use merge sort over quicksort?
- Input size
- Memory usage
- Stability of sorting
- Time complexity
Merge sort is preferable over quicksort when dealing with large input sizes due to its guaranteed O(n log n) time complexity, which is advantageous over quicksort's worst-case O(n^2) time complexity.
In Scrum, the ___________ is responsible for prioritizing the backlog and ensuring the team has a clear understanding of the work to be done.
- Development Team
- Product Owner
- Project Manager
- Scrum Master
The Product Owner in Scrum is responsible for managing the product backlog, which includes prioritizing tasks and ensuring that the team understands the requirements and goals of each item in the backlog. The Scrum Master, on the other hand, focuses on facilitating the Scrum process and removing impediments.
Your Agile team is experiencing low morale after a series of failed sprints. How would you boost team morale and productivity while adhering to Agile principles?
- Conduct one-on-one meetings with team members to understand their concerns and provide necessary support or training to address skill gaps.
- Implement a reward system based on sprint performance to incentivize team members and encourage collaboration.
- Increase the workload for underperforming team members to improve productivity and meet sprint goals.
- Organize team-building activities and acknowledge individual and team achievements to boost morale and foster a positive work environment.
Boosting team morale and productivity requires a multifaceted approach, including addressing individual concerns, fostering teamwork through activities and recognition, and providing incentives aligned with Agile principles of collaboration and continuous improvement.
In a relational database, a ___________ allows efficient retrieval of records based on specific criteria.
- Primary Key
- Index
- Foreign Key
- Unique Key
An index in a relational database is a data structure that allows for efficient retrieval of records based on specific criteria. It acts as a pointer to the data in the table and can significantly speed up queries by providing quick access to rows that meet certain conditions. A primary key is a specific type of index that uniquely identifies each record in a table. A foreign key is used to establish relationships between tables. A unique key ensures that no two records have the same values in specified columns. While all these options are related to data retrieval and optimization, an index is specifically designed for efficient search operations, making it the most suitable choice.
What is the role of HATEOAS in RESTful APIs?
- Define the structure of data responses
- Enable self-discovery of resources and actions
- Secure API endpoints
- Standardize error handling
HATEOAS (Hypertext As The Engine Of Application State) allows RESTful APIs to provide links within responses for clients to discover related resources and available actions, promoting self-discovery and reducing coupling.
You're developing a real-time chat application using Node.js. How would you implement WebSocket communication for instant messaging?
- Implement WebSocket protocol directly using native Node.js APIs.
- Use the 'express-ws' library for WebSocket functionality with Express.js.
- Use the 'ws' library and create a WebSocket server.
- Utilize Socket.IO library for WebSocket communication.
WebSocket communication is crucial for real-time chat apps. Socket.IO provides a robust framework for WebSocket communication, including features like automatic reconnection, event handling, and room management, making it suitable for instant messaging applications in Node.js.
You're tasked with designing a cache management system using a linked list to store recently accessed data. How would you implement this system to optimize cache performance?
- Implement a FIFO eviction policy where the least recently accessed data is removed when the cache is full.
- Implement an LRU (Least Recently Used) policy by moving recently accessed data to the front of the linked list, ensuring quick access and eviction of least used data.
- Use a hybrid cache structure with a combination of linked lists and hash tables to achieve fast lookup and efficient eviction based on access frequency.
- Implement a randomized eviction policy where data is evicted randomly to avoid patterns in access behavior that could lead to cache inefficiencies.
Option 2 suggests implementing an LRU (Least Recently Used) policy by moving recently accessed data to the front of the linked list. This approach optimizes cache performance by ensuring that frequently accessed data remains at the forefront, reducing access times and enabling efficient eviction of least used data when the cache is full. This strategy aligns with common cache management principles for improving access speed and overall system performance.