In a ___________ routing table, the network administrator manually configures the routes.
- Adaptive
- Centralized
- Dynamic
- Static
In a static routing table, routes are manually configured by the network administrator. This means that specific routes are explicitly defined and do not change unless modified by the administrator. Dynamic routing tables, on the other hand, are automatically updated based on network conditions and protocols. Adaptive routing refers to a routing algorithm's ability to change routes dynamically based on network congestion or failures. Centralized routing is a concept related to network architecture rather than routing table configuration.
Which function is used to output data to the console in JavaScript?
- log()
- print()
- console.log()
- display()
The console.log() function is used to output data to the console in JavaScript. Option 3 is the correct syntax for using this function to log data to the console, making it the right choice.
How does the OSI Model facilitate interoperability between different networking technologies?
- By establishing physical connections between devices
- By implementing encryption for data transmission
- By managing application layer protocols
- By providing a standardized framework for network communication
The OSI Model facilitates interoperability by offering a standardized framework that allows different networking technologies to communicate seamlessly. This model defines distinct layers, each with specific functions, enabling devices from diverse vendors to interoperate effectively.
In Angular, what is the purpose of NgModule?
- Defining routing configurations
- Handling HTTP requests
- Managing components
- Organizing and consolidating modules
NgModule in Angular is used to organize and consolidate related modules, components, directives, pipes, and services. It also defines metadata such as routing and providers for dependency injection.
How does the complexity of interpolation search compare to binary search?
- Binary search has a worst-case time complexity of O(log n)
- Interpolation search can have O(log log n) time complexity
- Interpolation search is adaptive
- Interpolation search requires sorted data
Interpolation search and binary search are both searching algorithms used to find a target value within a sorted array or list. Binary search has a worst-case time complexity of O(log n), making it highly efficient for large datasets. On the other hand, interpolation search is an improvement over binary search, especially when the data being searched is uniformly distributed. It achieves an average time complexity of O(log log n) under ideal conditions, making it faster in scenarios where the data is evenly spaced. However, interpolation search requires the data to be sorted, and its performance can degrade to O(n) in worst-case scenarios if the data distribution is skewed. Additionally, interpolation search is adaptive, meaning it can adjust its search range based on the target value's estimated position, potentially improving performance further. Understanding these complexities helps in choosing the most appropriate search algorithm based on the nature of the data and distribution characteristics.
_______ is a technique used in RESTful APIs to combine multiple requests into a single request.
- Aggregation
- Batching
- Merging
- Request Chaining
Batching is a technique used in RESTful APIs where multiple requests are combined into a single request to improve efficiency and reduce overhead. This is particularly useful when a client needs to make several related requests to the server, as it reduces the number of round-trips required between the client and the server, thereby improving performance.
A ___________ is a synchronization primitive that provides exclusive access to the shared resource.
- Lock
- Monitor
- Mutex
- Semaphore
A mutex is a synchronization primitive that allows only one thread to access a resource at a time, preventing data races and ensuring thread safety.
In a real-time application, you need to frequently update data in a linked list while maintaining its integrity. How would you ensure data consistency and efficiency in these updates?
- Use locking mechanisms such as mutexes or semaphores to implement thread-safe operations on the linked list.
- Implement a copy-on-write strategy where modifications create a new copy of the list, ensuring the original remains intact.
- Utilize atomic operations and compare-and-swap (CAS) instructions for lock-free updates to the linked list.
- Implement a versioning system where each update creates a new version of the list, allowing for rollback if needed while maintaining consistency.
Option 3 suggests using atomic operations and compare-and-swap (CAS) instructions for lock-free updates to the linked list. This approach ensures data consistency in a real-time environment without introducing overhead from locking mechanisms or copy-on-write strategies. Atomic operations guarantee that updates are performed atomically, preventing race conditions and maintaining efficiency in frequent data updates.
You're designing a web application that requires secure communication over the Internet. Explain how you would implement SSL/TLS (Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security) protocols within the TCP/IP model to achieve this.
- Configure SSL termination at the web server for decryption.
- Implement HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for secure web communication.
- Use SSL/TLS certificates to encrypt data transmitted over HTTP.
- Utilize SSL/TLS handshake protocols for secure connections.
SSL/TLS protocols are implemented at the Transport layer (Layer 4) in the TCP/IP model. The SSL/TLS handshake establishes a secure connection, ensuring encryption and data integrity. Using SSL/TLS certificates and handshakes is fundamental for secure web communication. HTTPS is HTTP over SSL/TLS, providing security for web applications. SSL termination decrypts traffic at the server. While important, it's a specific implementation detail and not the core mechanism for SSL/TLS security.
In a paged memory management system, each page is mapped to a corresponding ___________ in physical memory.
- Cache
- Disk
- Frame
- Register
In a paged memory management system, each page from the virtual memory is mapped to a corresponding frame in physical memory. This mapping allows the operating system to manage memory efficiently by moving pages between main memory (RAM) and secondary storage (usually disk). Frames represent fixed-size blocks of physical memory that can hold a single page.