_______ is a constraint in RESTful APIs that ensures each request from a client must contain all the information needed to process the request.

  • Hypertext
  • Idempotence
  • Self-descriptive messages
  • Statelessness
Statelessness is a fundamental constraint in RESTful APIs that requires each request from a client to contain all the necessary information for the server to process it, without relying on any stored server state. This enables scalability, reliability, and better performance as servers can handle requests independently without retaining client-specific information between requests.

ARP stands for Address Resolution ________.

  • Protocol
  • Program
  • Point
  • Procedure
ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. ARP is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address (MAC address) of a network host. It translates an IP address into a MAC address and is essential for communication between devices on the same network. A protocol is a set of rules governing data transmission, making "Protocol" the correct option here.

The "I" in ACID properties ensures that database transactions maintain ___________.

  • Atomicity
  • Consistency
  • Durability
  • Isolation
The "I" in ACID stands for Isolation. This property ensures that each transaction is isolated from other transactions until it is completed, preventing interference and ensuring data integrity during concurrent transactions.

What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?

  • Checks for object equality based on memory references
  • Checks for object equality based on property values
  • Checks for value and type equality
  • Checks for value equality without considering type differences
The == operator in JavaScript checks for value equality without considering the data type, whereas the === operator checks for both value and type equality. This distinction is crucial in ensuring accurate comparisons in JavaScript.

A ___________ switch is capable of processing Layer 3 (IP) packets in addition to Layer 2 (MAC) frames.

  • Intelligent Switch
  • Layer 2 Switch
  • Layer 3 Switch
  • Managed Switch
Layer 3 switches, also known as multilayer switches, combine the functionality of traditional Layer 2 switches with routing capabilities found in routers. They can make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses (Layer 3) in addition to MAC addresses (Layer 2), providing faster packet processing and improved network performance, especially in VLANs and subnets.

What is the difference between white-box testing and black-box testing?

  • Checks for user interface behavior
  • Focuses on internal logic and code
  • Tests functionality without knowing code
  • Uses knowledge of code structure
White-box testing involves examining the internal logic and code structure of a software application. Testers need knowledge of the codebase to design test cases. Black-box testing, on the other hand, tests the functionality of the software without knowing its internal code structure. Testers focus on inputs and outputs, assessing the system from a user's perspective. Both methods are crucial in ensuring software quality.

Which protocol is used for resolving domain names to IP addresses?

  • DNS
  • FTP
  • SMTP
  • SNMP
The Domain Name System (DNS) protocol is used for resolving domain names to IP addresses. When a user enters a domain name (like www.example.com) into a web browser, the DNS system translates this domain name into an IP address that the computer can use to connect to the corresponding web server. This process is essential for navigating the internet, as it allows users to access websites using human-readable domain names rather than remembering complex IP addresses.

How does caching improve the performance of RESTful APIs?

  • Enhances data encryption
  • Minimizes network latency
  • Reduces server load
  • Speeds up data retrieval
Caching in RESTful APIs refers to storing frequently accessed responses so that they can be quickly retrieved without re-executing the entire request. This reduces server load by serving cached responses instead of processing requests repeatedly. It speeds up data retrieval by providing quick access to pre-generated responses, minimizing the time taken to fetch data from databases or external services. Caching also helps minimize network latency as cached responses are served closer to the client, reducing the round-trip time for data transmission. However, caching doesn't directly relate to data encryption; it focuses on improving response time and reducing server overhead.

Explain the concept of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) in the context of wireless communication.

  • Enhances coverage by utilizing spatial diversity
  • Increases data throughput and improves signal reliability
  • Reduces latency by minimizing interference
  • Utilizes multiple antennas for transmitting and receiving data simultaneously
MIMO involves using multiple antennas for both transmitting and receiving data, improving performance by increasing throughput, reliability, reducing latency, and enhancing coverage.

Which routing protocol is commonly used within an Autonomous System (AS)?

  • BGP
  • EIGRP
  • OSPF
  • RIP
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is commonly used within an Autonomous System (AS) due to its advanced features such as fast convergence, scalability, and support for variable-length subnet masking (VLSM).