A ___________ is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

  • Hub
  • Modem
  • Router
  • Switch
A router is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and use routing tables to determine the best path for forwarding packets. Hubs and switches operate at lower layers and have different functionalities within a network, such as connecting devices in the case of hubs or creating separate collision domains in the case of switches. A modem, while essential for connecting to the internet, does not perform the same packet-forwarding function as a router.

You're troubleshooting a network connectivity issue between two hosts. Describe the steps you would take to diagnose and resolve the problem using tools and techniques from the TCP/IP protocol suite.

  • Perform a ping test to check connectivity.
  • Use traceroute to identify the path and potential issues.
  • Check IP configuration using ipconfig/ifconfig commands.
  • Analyze network traffic with Wireshark for deeper insights.
Wireshark provides detailed packet-level analysis, helping identify issues such as incorrect routing, packet drops, or firewall blocking. It can reveal the source of connectivity problems, aiding in resolving them effectively. Traceroute helps map the network path, ping tests basic connectivity, and checking IP configuration is useful but may not pinpoint specific issues. Wireshark's thorough analysis makes it the most comprehensive option for troubleshooting network problems.

A client wants their website to have a consistent layout across all pages. How would you use CSS to implement a reusable layout system?

  • Create a base CSS file with common layout styles and import it into each webpage.
  • Inline styles for each element to maintain consistent layout.
  • Use CSS variables to define layout properties and apply them consistently across all pages.
  • Use a CSS preprocessor like Sass to generate reusable layout components.
To implement a reusable layout system in CSS, it's essential to establish a consistent base for layout properties. One effective approach is to create a base CSS file containing common layout styles such as grid systems, flexbox settings, margins, and paddings. This file can then be imported into each webpage, ensuring a consistent layout across all pages. Utilizing CSS variables also facilitates consistency by defining reusable values for layout properties. This method reduces redundancy and makes it easier to maintain a uniform layout throughout the website.

The ___________ tag is used to define an internal style sheet in HTML.