The correct option is "Network." In the TCP/IP model, the Network layer is responsible for logical addressing. This includes assigning IP addresses and routing packets between different networks. The Transport layer (Option 2) is responsible for end-to-end communication and includes protocols like TCP and UDP. The Data Link layer (Option 3) deals with the physical connection between devices and includes protocols like Ethernet. The Application layer (Option 4) is responsible for providing user interfaces and services.

The purpose of query optimization in database management systems is to improve query performance. This involves identifying and selecting the most efficient execution plan for a given query, considering factors such as index usage, join methods, and data access paths. Query optimization aims to minimize resource utilization and response time for queries, enhancing overall system performance.

An index primarily enhances the efficiency of retrieval operations in a database. When a query needs to fetch specific data from a large dataset, indexes allow the database system to locate the required rows or entries more quickly, reducing the time it takes to retrieve data. This is particularly crucial in scenarios where databases deal with massive amounts of data and need to retrieve specific information efficiently.

Tabulation is a dynamic programming approach where solutions to subproblems are iteratively calculated in a table, starting from the smallest subproblem and working upwards. This approach is effective for problems with overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure, as it avoids recursion and stores solutions in a systematic manner.

In a CI/CD pipeline, automated testing plays a crucial role due to its speed and reliability. Automated tests are integrated into the pipeline to run whenever there is a code change, ensuring that new code does not break existing functionality (regression testing). Smoke testing is also essential to quickly check if the basic functionalities work before running extensive tests. Manual testing may still be needed for certain aspects but is minimized to ensure faster deployments.

CSS specificity refers to the set of rules that determines which CSS styles are applied to an element when conflicting styles exist. Inline styles have the highest specificity, followed by ID selectors, class selectors, and finally, the !important rule. Understanding specificity is crucial for developers to know how styles are prioritized and applied to HTML elements, ensuring the desired appearance of the web page.

The intersection algorithm traverses both linked lists simultaneously until it finds a common node, if any, where they intersect, thus determining their point of intersection.

ACID compliance guarantees that database transactions are reliable and robust. NoSQL databases often relax ACID constraints (especially Consistency) to achieve better performance and scalability compared to relational databases.

Using a debugger tool helps in analyzing the current state of threads, identifying any locks or resources causing the deadlock, and understanding the sequence of operations leading to the deadlock situation. This approach enables developers to pinpoint the deadlock location quickly and apply appropriate corrective measures, such as releasing locks or optimizing resource usage, to resolve the deadlock and restore program execution.

Eventual consistency refers to the property of NoSQL databases where updates made to the data will eventually propagate through the system, ensuring consistency across replicas or distributed nodes over time. It acknowledges that there may be temporary inconsistencies during the replication process but guarantees that eventually, all replicas will converge to a consistent state. This approach is common in distributed systems to achieve high availability and partition tolerance while sacrificing immediate consistency.