In JavaScript, single-line comments are created using the double forward slash //. Option 2 demonstrates the correct syntax for commenting out a single line of code in JavaScript.

Deadlocks in multi-threaded applications can be challenging but can be effectively managed. Utilizing resource allocation graphs helps visualize resource dependencies and identify potential deadlock situations. Deadlock detection algorithms can automate this process by periodically checking for circular wait conditions among threads. Implementing a timeout mechanism for lock acquisition prevents threads from waiting indefinitely, mitigating deadlock occurrences. Reducing the number of locks and ensuring a consistent lock acquisition order across threads also minimizes the chances of deadlocks. These strategies combined help in identifying and resolving deadlock situations effectively during application debugging.

A monitor in synchronization refers to a higher-level synchronization construct used to control access to shared resources among multiple threads or processes. It ensures mutual exclusion by allowing only one thread to execute inside the monitor at a time, preventing concurrent access to shared resources. Additionally, monitors help in process synchronization by providing mechanisms like condition variables to coordinate the execution order of threads within the monitor. Monitors are vital for managing shared resources efficiently and ensuring thread safety in concurrent programming environments.

Zero Trust Network Security architecture is a security model that assumes no trust between devices, users, or applications, regardless of their location. This approach requires strict verification and continuous authentication before granting access to resources. It focuses on micro-segmentation, least privilege access controls, and continuous monitoring to enhance security.

Dynamic programming can be applied in pathfinding by storing the shortest path distances from each node to the destination. By using this stored information, the algorithm can efficiently compute the shortest path without recalculating distances for nodes multiple times, leading to optimized pathfinding in gaming applications.

Node.js uses an event-driven architecture to handle asynchronous operations. This means that instead of waiting for tasks like reading files or making network requests to complete before moving on to the next task, Node.js utilizes non-blocking I/O operations and an event loop to efficiently manage multiple tasks concurrently. This approach enhances scalability and performance in server-side scripting.

Encrypting data before migration ensures that even if intercepted during transfer, the data remains secure. A secure VPN connection encrypts data in transit, further protecting it from interception. Implementing access controls and permissions limits who can access the data, reducing the risk of unauthorized access. Regular security audits and monitoring help detect and respond to any security incidents during migration.

Implementing a dynamic array involves using a static array initially and dynamically resizing it when needed. This resizing can be achieved through methods like doubling the array size when it's full, reallocating memory, and copying elements.

The setTimeout() function in JavaScript executes a function once after a specified delay, while setInterval() executes a function repeatedly at a specified interval until stopped. Understanding these differences is key to managing timing in JavaScript applications.

The correct option is Requirement Analysis. This phase is crucial as it involves gathering and documenting the software requirements from stakeholders, including end-users, clients, and business analysts. It sets the foundation for the entire software development process by defining what the system should do and how it should behave. During this phase, stakeholders' needs and expectations are analyzed, and feasibility studies may also be conducted to assess the project's viability.