Angular's ___________ feature allows lazy loading of modules to improve application performance.

  • Dependency Injection
  • Routing
  • Lazy Loading
  • Components
Lazy Loading is a technique in Angular that defers the loading of modules until they are required, which can significantly improve the initial load time and overall performance of an Angular application. While Dependency Injection, Routing, and Components are important features in Angular, Lazy Loading specifically addresses the optimization of loading modules, making it the correct option for this question.

How does a VPN enhance network security for remote users?

  • Encrypts data to prevent interception
  • Masks user's IP address
  • Provides secure access to internal resources
  • Uses tunneling protocols for secure communication
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) enhances security for remote users by encrypting data, preventing unauthorized interception. It also provides secure access to internal resources, allowing remote workers to connect securely to their organization's network. Additionally, a VPN masks the user's IP address, adding a layer of anonymity, and uses tunneling protocols to ensure secure communication over the internet. These combined features significantly enhance network security for remote users.

How do threads differ from processes in resource usage?

  • Depends on the operating system
  • Less memory usage than processes
  • More memory usage than processes
  • Same memory usage as processes
Threads typically use less memory compared to processes because they share the same address space and resources like code and data sections. Processes, on the other hand, have their own memory space and require more overhead for context switching and resource allocation.

You're working on a memory-constrained system where memory allocation and deallocation need to be optimized. How would you implement a memory-efficient linked list?

  • Implement a singly linked list with node reuse by maintaining a free list of deleted nodes.
  • Implement a doubly linked list with a circular structure to reduce memory overhead.
  • Implement a hybrid linked list structure where the first few nodes are stored in an array for quick access and the rest are in a traditional linked list.
  • Implement a memory pool-based linked list where nodes are pre-allocated from a fixed-size pool and reused for subsequent operations.
Option 4 suggests using a memory pool-based linked list, which optimizes memory usage by pre-allocating nodes from a fixed-size pool. This approach reduces the overhead of frequent memory allocations and deallocations, improving efficiency in a memory-constrained environment.

Explain the difference between top-down and bottom-up dynamic programming approaches.

  • Iteration
  • Memoization
  • Recursion
  • Tabulation
Top-down DP involves starting from the top (the initial problem) and breaking it down into smaller subproblems, storing solutions to these subproblems in a table (memoization). Bottom-up DP, on the other hand, starts from the bottom (solving the smallest subproblems first) and builds its way up to solve the larger problem using a table (tabulation). While top-down uses recursion and memoization, bottom-up uses iteration and tabulation.

Web application firewalls (WAFs) can help mitigate attacks by filtering incoming ________.

  • Data
  • Packets
  • Requests
  • Traffic
Web application firewalls (WAFs) primarily filter incoming requests. These requests include HTTP and HTTPS traffic, allowing the firewall to analyze and block potentially malicious requests before they reach the web application. This helps protect against common web-based attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and command injection.

The ___________ scheduling algorithm provides better response time for interactive processes.

  • First Come First Serve
  • Priority
  • Round Robin
  • Shortest Job First
Round Robin scheduling algorithm provides better response time for interactive processes because it ensures that each process gets a fair share of CPU time. By using time slices, it prevents any single process from monopolizing the CPU, which is important for maintaining system responsiveness, especially in interactive environments where users expect quick feedback.

In JavaScript, _________ is used to represent an object that is accessed using the dot notation.

  • Object
  • Array
  • Function
  • Class
In JavaScript, objects are accessed using the dot notation, where the object name is followed by a dot and then the property or method name. Therefore, the correct option here is "Object," as it directly represents the entity accessed using dot notation in JavaScript. This concept is fundamental to understanding how to work with objects in the language.

The ___________ algorithm is used to allocate memory by dividing it into equal-sized partitions.

  • Best Fit
  • First Fit
  • Next Fit
  • Worst Fit
First Fit is a memory allocation algorithm where the operating system allocates the first available partition that is large enough to fit a process's memory requirements. It divides memory into equal-sized partitions and searches for a suitable partition starting from the beginning of the memory. Although it may lead to fragmentation, it is easy to implement and requires minimal bookkeeping overhead.

The ___________ provides a mapping between file names and their corresponding inodes.

  • Directory Entry
  • File Descriptor
  • Inode Pointer
  • Inode Table
A Directory Entry is a data structure in a file system that associates file names with their respective inodes, enabling the operating system to locate files based on their names.