The correct option is "pop." In JavaScript, the "pop" method is used to remove the last element from an array and returns that element. This method modifies the array it is called on. The other options ("removeLast," "deleteLast," and "splice") either do not exist as array methods in JavaScript or do not specifically remove the last element from an array.

ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties are fundamental principles that guarantee reliability and accuracy in database transactions. Atomicity ensures that all operations in a transaction are completed successfully or none at all, maintaining data integrity. Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another, preserving data correctness. Isolation ensures that transactions are independent of each other, preventing interference between concurrent transactions. Durability guarantees that once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanently saved, even in the event of system failures. CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) is a set of basic operations for manipulating data but doesn't encompass the principles necessary for transaction management. DML (Data Manipulation Language) and DDL (Data Definition Language) are SQL categories for manipulating and defining data structures, respectively, but they don't specifically address transactional properties. Therefore, ACID properties are the correct choice for ensuring data integrity and consistency in transactions.

The protocol responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses is DNS (Domain Name System). DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses that computers use to communicate over the Internet.

Implementing database transactions

The time complexity of reversing a linked list iteratively is O(n), where n is the number of nodes in the list. This is because in each iteration, you only need to traverse the list once to reverse the pointers. However, the time complexity of reversing a linked list recursively is also O(n), but with a caveat. If the recursive approach is not optimized, it can lead to a time complexity of O(n^2) due to repeatedly traversing the list for each recursive call. Therefore, it's crucial to implement the recursive reversal with proper base cases and efficient pointer manipulation to achieve O(n) time complexity.

The File System Manager is a crucial component responsible for managing file system metadata, including directory structures, file attributes, and access control information. It ensures file system consistency by handling tasks such as disk allocation, file organization, and maintenance of file integrity. Without a robust File System Manager, file operations and data access within the file system would be inefficient and prone to errors.

React Router and Angular Router both handle routing in web applications but differ in implementation and features. Understanding their unique approaches, such as React Router's declarative style and Angular Router's integrated functionality, helps developers choose the right tool for efficient and optimized routing in their projects.

Agile methodologies primarily focus on collaboration and adaptability. This means teams work closely together, adapt to changes quickly, and prioritize customer satisfaction through iterative development. Agile methods value responding to change over following a plan, fostering continuous improvement, and delivering working software frequently to meet customer needs effectively. The focus is on teamwork, communication, and delivering high-value features consistently.

Quicksort typically selects the pivot element from the array randomly, which helps avoid worst-case scenarios such as already sorted input, improving overall performance and avoiding predictable patterns.

Inheritance is the OOP concept that allows you to define a blueprint or template for creating objects. It enables a new class (derived or child class) to inherit properties and behaviors from an existing class (base or parent class). This mechanism facilitates code reuse and the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes, leading to more efficient and organized programming structures. Inheritance is a fundamental pillar of OOP alongside encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism.