The Agile Manifesto emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools, valuing working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. These principles guide Agile teams in prioritizing people and adaptability in software development.

Composite indexes combine multiple columns into a single index, allowing for efficient retrieval based on multiple criteria. Therefore, option 2, "Multiple," accurately describes composite indexes.

The SOLID principle in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a set of five principles aimed at making software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) states that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have only one job or responsibility.

Insertion Sort is the most suitable choice for nearly sorted data. It has a time complexity of O(n) in the best-case scenario, making it efficient when data is already close to its final sorted position. Merge Sort, Quick Sort, and Bubble Sort, on the other hand, have higher time complexities for nearly sorted data, making them less efficient in this scenario.

A process is an independent entity that has its own address space and resources, while a thread is a lightweight entity that exists within a process and shares the same address space and resources with other threads in that process. This difference in independence and resource sharing is crucial for understanding how processes and threads operate within an operating system.

Third Normal Form (3NF) ensures that each non-key attribute is dependent only on the primary key, which helps in eliminating transitive dependencies and achieving a more organized database structure.

Option 1 suggests using interfaces to define contracts, ensuring a consistent interface for module interactions, which facilitates code reusability and maintainability. This approach allows different team members to work on modules independently while adhering to a predefined interface, promoting code consistency and reducing dependencies between modules. Interfaces also enhance flexibility by enabling polymorphic behavior and easy integration of new modules into the system without affecting existing functionalities.

A switch's basic function in a network is to forward data packets to specific devices based on their MAC addresses. Unlike hubs, which broadcast data to all connected devices, switches maintain a MAC address table to determine where to send incoming packets. This improves network efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic and collisions. Switches operate at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model.

SQL indexes are used to improve data retrieval speed by creating a sorted reference to data in a table. This reduces the time required to search and fetch specific records, especially in large datasets. Indexes don't impact storage space significantly but rather optimize data access, ensuring faster query performance. Indexes also contribute to enhancing data security by facilitating efficient data retrieval for authorized users.

The correct option is Implementation. This phase is where the actual coding takes place based on the design specifications developed in the previous phases. Developers write, compile, and debug the code to ensure it meets the defined requirements. Additionally, testing activities are initiated during this phase to identify and fix defects early in the development process. Once the implementation phase is complete, the software is ready for testing and quality assurance processes before deployment.