The Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the OSI model roughly correspond to which layer in the TCP/IP model?
- Application
- Link
- Network
- Transport
The Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the OSI model correspond to the Application layer in the TCP/IP model. The Application layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for providing network services directly to applications. It serves as the interface between software applications and the network stack, handling tasks such as data encryption and decryption, data compression, and application-level protocols.
John, a network administrator, notices that certain routes are flapping frequently in his network. He decides to use a routing protocol that can provide route stability and policy-based routing decisions. Which protocol is he most likely considering?
- BGP
- EIGRP
- OSPF
- RIP
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the protocol John is likely considering. BGP is well-known for its route stability and supports complex policy-based routing decisions. It's a good choice for networks where route stability is crucial.
A company's IT department notices that their network performance is deteriorating due to excessive broadcast traffic. They want a solution that can isolate different departments while still using the same physical infrastructure. What should they implement?
- Firewall
- Hub
- Router
- VLAN
Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a solution that can segregate a network into smaller, isolated segments, even if they share the same physical infrastructure. This helps reduce broadcast traffic and allows different departments to communicate efficiently while maintaining network security.
What advantage does fiber optic cabling have over other transmission media when it comes to data security?
- Easy Installation
- High Bandwidth
- Immunity to Eavesdropping
- Low Latency
Immunity to Eavesdropping - Fiber optic cables offer a high level of data security because they transmit data as light pulses, and it's extremely difficult to intercept these signals without disrupting the communication. Unlike other mediums where electromagnetic signals can be intercepted, fiber optic cables are more secure against eavesdropping.
In the context of computer networks, what is the primary difference between a PAN and a LAN in terms of coverage and purpose?
- LAN is designed for personal devices, while PAN connects large business networks.
- LAN is for connecting personal devices, while PAN connects devices for public access.
- PAN covers a broader area than LAN and is designed for connecting devices within a city.
- PAN is typically smaller in coverage, focusing on individual or immediate vicinity connections, whereas LAN serves a more extensive area.
A PAN (Personal Area Network) typically covers a smaller area, focusing on individual or immediate vicinity connections, such as connecting a smartphone to a laptop via Bluetooth. In contrast, a LAN (Local Area Network) serves a more extensive area, typically within a building or campus, connecting devices for personal and business use.
If one node fails in a ________ topology, it does not affect the rest of the network.
- Bus
- Mesh
- Ring
- Star
In a Star Topology, if one node fails, it does not affect the rest of the network. Each device is directly connected to a central hub or switch, so the failure of one device does not impact the others.
When a web server listens for incoming client requests, it typically does so on ________ port number for HTTP.
- Port 22
- Port 25
- Port 443
- Port 80
Web servers typically listen on Port 80 for HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) traffic. Port 80 is the standard port for unsecured web traffic, while Port 443 is commonly used for secure HTTP (HTTPS).
In the context of the sliding window protocol, what does the "window" refer to?
- The frame synchronization mechanism
- The number of bits in the data frame
- The range of sequence numbers of the frames that can be sent without acknowledgment
- The time it takes for a frame to traverse the network
The "window" in the sliding window protocol refers to the range of sequence numbers of the frames that can be sent by the sender before requiring acknowledgment. This allows for efficient flow control and ensures that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver.
Which IP addressing version uses 32-bit addresses, resulting in approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses?
- IPv10
- IPv4
- IPv6
- IPv8
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses 32-bit addresses, allowing for about 4.3 billion unique addresses. Each address is represented in dotted decimal format, such as 192.168.1.1.
Real-time applications like VoIP often prefer ________ due to its speed, even at the risk of some data loss.
- IP
- SMTP
- TCP
- UDP
Real-time applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP) prefer UDP (User Datagram Protocol) due to its speed and low overhead. UDP is a connectionless protocol that offers fast data transmission, making it suitable for applications where a small amount of data loss can be tolerated.