What happens if a segment arrives at its destination but is out of order due to network congestion?

  • The segment is discarded
  • The segment is held in a buffer until the missing segments arrive
  • The segment is immediately delivered to the application layer
  • The segment is split into smaller segments
When a segment arrives out of order due to network congestion, it is typically held in a buffer until the missing segments arrive. This buffer helps reassemble the data in the correct order before delivering it to the application layer to prevent data corruption or loss.

What is the primary purpose of NAT in a home network environment?

  • Provide security for the network
  • Translate private IP addresses into a single public IP address
  • Enhance network speed
  • Prevent network congestion
The primary purpose of NAT (Network Address Translation) in a home network is to translate private IP addresses used within the local network into a single public IP address that is used for communication with external networks, like the internet. This allows multiple devices within the home network to share a single public IP address, providing a layer of security and conserving IP address resources.

In terms of error-checking and acknowledgment, which protocol offers a built-in mechanism to ensure data integrity?

  • HTTP
  • IP
  • TCP
  • UDP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) offers a built-in mechanism for ensuring data integrity. It does this by using techniques such as error-checking and acknowledgments to confirm that data is received correctly. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable data delivery.

Which type of network is optimal for connecting multiple devices within a single room, ensuring minimal latency and maximum data transfer speeds?

  • LAN
  • MAN
  • PAN
  • SAN
LAN (Local Area Network) is optimal for connecting multiple devices within a single room or a confined space. LANs are designed for high-speed data transfer with minimal latency, making them suitable for connecting devices in homes, offices, or campuses.

When an error is detected using the Hamming code, what additional feature does it offer compared to other methods?

  • Compression
  • Data encryption
  • Error correction
  • Scalability
The Hamming code not only detects errors in transmitted data but also corrects them. It's an error-correcting code that adds extra bits to the data to allow the receiver to identify and fix errors. This is a significant advantage over some other error detection methods like CRC, which can only detect errors but not correct them.

A large multinational company has exhausted its IPv4 address space. They're considering transitioning to another IP version to cater to their expanding network infrastructure. Which IP version should they consider and why?

  • IPv6
  • IPv5
  • IPv7
  • IPv3
IPv6 is the most suitable option for a company that has exhausted its IPv4 address space. IPv6 offers a vastly larger address space, providing trillions of unique addresses, which is essential for accommodating the company's expanding network infrastructure and the growing number of devices. IPv5, IPv7, and IPv3 are not commonly used for general networking purposes.

In the context of networking devices, which one is designed to connect two or more network segments and make them function as a single network?

  • Bridge
  • Hub
  • Router
  • Switch
A bridge is designed to connect two or more network segments, typically at the data link layer (Layer 2). It makes them function as a single network by filtering and forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses, creating a larger broadcast domain.

If a malicious actor wants to associate their MAC address with an IP address of another machine, they might conduct an _______ attack.

  • ARP Poisoning
  • DDoS
  • DNS Hijacking
  • IP Spoofing
ARP Poisoning (Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning) is an attack where the attacker associates their MAC address with the IP address of another machine, potentially leading to network disruption or interception of data.

Which system is responsible for translating human-friendly domain names into IP addresses?

  • DNS
  • FTP
  • HTTP
  • TCP
DNS (Domain Name System) is responsible for translating human-readable domain names, like www.example.com, into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on a network. DNS acts as the internet's "phonebook."

John is a network administrator and receives complaints that a particular website is not accessible. He wants to check the IP address associated with the website's domain name. Which tool or command is most suitable for this task?

  • netstat
  • nslookup
  • ping
  • traceroute
The most suitable tool for checking the IP address associated with a domain name is "nslookup." This command-line tool is used to query DNS (Domain Name System) servers to obtain information about domain names, including their corresponding IP addresses. It's a valuable tool for troubleshooting network connectivity issues.