The sequence number in the TCP three-way handshake is a random number generated by the sender, and it is used to initiate the conversation and prevent old or duplicate data from being accepted. The acknowledgment number, on the other hand, acknowledges the receipt of the sender's sequence number and indicates the next expected sequence number from the receiver. This ensures that data is transmitted in the correct order.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) uses hop count as its metric to select the best path. Hop count is a simple measurement of the number of routers a packet must traverse to reach its destination. However, it may not always result in the most efficient path.

When a user connects to a remote network in a way that makes it seem as if they are directly connected to the network's private internal system, they are using a VPN (Virtual Private Network). A VPN creates a secure, encrypted tunnel over an untrusted network (like the internet) to provide remote access with the appearance of being locally connected.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to resolve an IP address into a MAC address within a local network. When a device needs to communicate with another device on the same local network, it uses ARP to find the MAC address associated with the destination IP address.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is the most appropriate routing protocol in this case. OSPF is specifically designed for large internal networks and offers scalability and efficient handling of topology changes within areas. It's widely used for internal routing within organizations.

The designated router (DR) in OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is responsible for advertising Link State Advertisements (LSAs) to other routers within the same OSPF area. It helps reduce the flooding of LSAs and optimizes the OSPF network by centralizing LSA update distribution.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - TCP is responsible for ensuring that data packets are delivered in the correct sequence and without errors. It provides error-checking, sequencing, and flow control during data transmission, making it a reliable choice for applications that require data integrity.

When a segment arrives out of order due to network congestion, it is typically held in a buffer until the missing segments arrive. This buffer helps reassemble the data in the correct order before delivering it to the application layer to prevent data corruption or loss.

The primary purpose of NAT (Network Address Translation) in a home network is to translate private IP addresses used within the local network into a single public IP address that is used for communication with external networks, like the internet. This allows multiple devices within the home network to share a single public IP address, providing a layer of security and conserving IP address resources.

A recursive resolver is responsible for resolving DNS queries on behalf of clients. It performs the entire process of DNS resolution, starting from querying authoritative name servers to returning the IP address associated with a domain.