The ________ topology connects all devices directly to each other, offering high redundancy.
- Bus
- Mesh
- Ring
- Star
Mesh Topology is a network layout where every device connects directly to every other device. This provides the highest level of redundancy and fault tolerance but can be expensive to implement and maintain.
The process of establishing a connection, transmitting data, and then terminating the connection is characteristic of the ________ protocol.
- FTP
- POP3
- SMTP
- TCP
The process of establishing a connection, transmitting data, and then terminating the connection is characteristic of the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol used in many network applications, ensuring data integrity and order.
If a packet doesn't reach its destination within a certain timeframe, the transport layer might consider it _______.
- Delivered
- Duplicate
- Lost
- Reordered
If a packet doesn't reach its destination within a certain timeframe or is not acknowledged by the receiver, the transport layer considers it lost and may trigger retransmission to ensure the delivery of the packet.
What potential security benefit can NAT provide to a private network?
- Enhance network speed
- Hide internal IP addresses from external networks
- Improve data encryption
- Simplify network management
NAT (Network Address Translation) can hide the internal IP addresses of devices in a private network from external networks, providing an additional layer of security. It acts as a barrier between the internal network and the public internet, making it harder for external threats to directly access internal devices.
The _______ is a table used by switches to determine the appropriate port to which a frame should be forwarded.
- ARP Table
- Routing Table
- MAC Address Table
- DNS Table
The correct option is "MAC Address Table." Switches use the MAC Address Table to map MAC addresses to specific switch ports. When a frame arrives at the switch, it consults this table to determine which port to forward the frame to based on the MAC address of the destination device.
An online retailer is expanding its operations and needs to ensure that its transactions between global branches are secure, even when using the public internet. To ensure data privacy and security, what solution should they implement?
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
- IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)
- SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security)
- VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
The online retailer should implement SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security). SSL/TLS protocols provide encryption and authentication for secure data transmission over the public internet, ensuring data privacy and security during transactions.
An engineer is troubleshooting a communication system where data gets corrupted occasionally. He notices that only single-bit errors are occurring. Which error correction method can be efficient for such scenarios?
- CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
- Hamming Code
- Parity Bit
- Reed-Solomon Code
Hamming Code is an error correction technique that is efficient for correcting single-bit errors. It adds parity bits to the data, allowing for the detection and correction of single-bit errors.
How does ARP differentiate between requests and responses within the protocol?
- By checking the IP address
- By examining the hardware address
- By examining the operation code (OpCode) field
- By using a timestamp
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) uses an OpCode field within the packet to distinguish between requests and responses. When an ARP packet has an OpCode of 1, it's a request, and when it's 2, it's a response. This allows devices to understand the purpose of the ARP packet.
While IP addresses can be dynamically assigned by DHCP, the _______ address is hard-coded into a device's NIC.
- DNS
- Host
- MAC
- Subnet
The correct answer is "MAC" (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is a unique hardware address assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) at the time of manufacturing. It is used for identifying devices on a physical network. Unlike IP addresses, which can change dynamically, MAC addresses are permanent and tied to the device.
Which layer of the OSI model is primarily associated with MAC addresses?
- Data Link Layer
- Network Layer
- Physical Layer
- Transport Layer
MAC addresses are primarily associated with the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for addressing and controlling access to the physical medium (e.g., Ethernet).