IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is a security system that not only detects threats like an IDS but also takes active measures to prevent them from infiltrating the network. It can block or mitigate threats in real-time, making it a crucial component of network security.

The transport layer is responsible for ensuring the reliable delivery of data packets. It uses mechanisms such as acknowledgment and retransmission to make sure data arrives at the destination without errors and in the correct order.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is designed for transferring files between a client and a server on a network. It provides a reliable and efficient way to upload and download files, making it a fundamental protocol for file sharing on the internet.

Bus Topology is a network configuration in which all devices are connected to a single communication path, often a single cable. When one device sends data, it is available to all other devices on the network.

Fiber Optic Cable is an ideal choice in this scenario. It offers high data rates, is immune to electromagnetic interference, and can handle data transmission over long distances. It's commonly used in environments with high data requirements and minimal interference tolerance.

The MAC address uniquely identifies the Network Interface Card (NIC) within a networked device. Each NIC has a globally unique MAC address, which is crucial for communication on the network.

Fiber Optic Cable is best known for its high bandwidth and long-distance data transmission capabilities. It uses light signals to transmit data and can carry a vast amount of information over long distances with minimal signal loss. It is widely used in high-speed internet connections and long-haul networks.

PAN (Personal Area Network) is a network for personal devices and is typically used for connections within an individual's immediate vicinity, often within the range of a single person. Examples include connecting a smartphone to a laptop via Bluetooth or connecting a smartwatch to a phone.

Fiber Optic - Fiber optic cables are ideal for high-speed internet connections in dense urban settings due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference. They use light signals for data transmission and are not susceptible to the electromagnetic interference that can affect other media like coaxial or twisted-pair cables.

The padlock symbol in the browser's address bar indicates that the connection is using HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure). This protocol provides secure communication over the internet, encrypting data transmitted between the user's browser and the website's server. It's commonly used for online banking and other secure transactions.