The technique where multiple private IP addresses are mapped to a single public IP address but with different ports is known as _______.

  • IP Address Translation
  • Port Address Translation
  • Subnetting
  • VLAN
Port Address Translation (PAT) is a method used in NAT (Network Address Translation) to map multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address, differentiating them by port numbers. PAT is used to conserve public IP addresses in scenarios with limited address space.

If an application requires a lightweight transport protocol without the overhead of establishing and tearing down connections, which protocol should be considered?

  • HTTP
  • ICMP
  • TCP
  • UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight transport protocol that doesn't involve the overhead of establishing and tearing down connections like TCP. It's suitable for applications that prioritize speed and simplicity over reliability, such as real-time streaming or online gaming.

How does a stateful firewall differ from a stateless firewall?

  • Stateful firewall and Stateless firewall are the same.
  • Stateful firewall filters packets based solely on static criteria like source and destination. Stateless firewall keeps track of the state of active connections.
  • Stateful firewall keeps track of the state of active connections and makes decisions based on the context of the traffic. Stateless firewall filters packets based solely on static criteria like source and destination.
  • Stateful firewall monitors traffic for malware, while Stateless firewall monitors traffic for suspicious behavior.
A stateful firewall is an advanced firewall that keeps track of the state of active connections, allowing it to make decisions based on the context of the traffic. It is more secure than a stateless firewall that filters packets based solely on static criteria like source and destination addresses.

In the context of data transmission, why is modulation necessary?

  • To add redundancy to the data
  • To improve data storage
  • To increase the speed of data transmission
  • To secure the data
Modulation is necessary in data transmission to increase the speed at which data can be transmitted over a communication channel. Modulation is the process of encoding digital data onto an analog signal, allowing it to be transmitted over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality.

Which IP version introduces an address format that uses eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons?

  • IPv4
  • IPv5
  • IPv6
  • IPv7
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) uses an address format that consists of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons, such as "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334." This version was introduced to address the depletion of IPv4 addresses and offers a much larger address space.

The combination of an IP address and a port number is often referred to as a _________, which helps in directing data to the right application on a machine.

  • Address Pair
  • Gateway
  • Socket
  • URL
The combination of an IP address and a port number is often referred to as a "socket." Sockets are essential for directing data to the correct application or service on a machine in a network, enabling multiple applications to run on a single device and share the same IP address.

Which protocol primarily uses the three-way handshake to establish a connection between client and server?

  • HTTP
  • IP
  • TCP
  • UDP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) primarily uses the three-way handshake to establish a connection between a client and a server. This process involves the client and server exchanging a series of messages to confirm and synchronize their communication, ensuring reliable data transfer.

In terms of security, what is the primary advantage of using a VPN when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots?

  • VPNs block access to public Wi-Fi networks for unauthorized users.
  • VPNs can bypass Wi-Fi login pages.
  • VPNs encrypt data traffic, preventing eavesdropping and enhancing privacy on open Wi-Fi networks.
  • VPNs provide faster internet speeds on public Wi-Fi networks.
The primary advantage of using a VPN (Virtual Private Network) when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots is that it encrypts your data traffic, preventing potential eavesdropping and enhancing your privacy and security on open and potentially unsecured networks.

Which topology provides the highest fault tolerance due to its multiple connections?

  • Bus
  • Mesh
  • Ring
  • Star
Mesh topology provides the highest fault tolerance due to its multiple connections. In a mesh network, every device is connected to every other device, ensuring redundancy. If one connection fails, traffic can be rerouted through other paths. This makes mesh topology highly fault-tolerant. However, it can be expensive and complex to set up due to the number of connections required.

In Ethernet networks, the frame structure consists of several fields, with the _______ field indicating the type of protocol being used.

  • Payload
  • Destination
  • Type
  • Source
The correct option is "Type." In Ethernet frame structure, the "Type" field specifies the type of protocol being used within the frame. This field helps network devices determine how to interpret the data within the frame, whether it's IP, ARP, or another protocol.