A large enterprise has multiple branches across continents and wants to ensure that it can prioritize certain types of traffic over others, and also wants granular control over routing policies. Which routing protocol would be best suited for this purpose?
- BGP
- EIGRP
- OSPF
- RIP
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the most appropriate choice for such a scenario. BGP is designed for large-scale networks and provides fine-grained control over routing policies. It's often used for connecting multiple branches across continents, as it allows prioritizing and controlling routes effectively.
Sarah's email client allows her to download emails for offline access. However, when she deletes an email on her laptop, she notices it's still available on her mobile phone. Which email protocol is her client likely using?
- HTTP
- IMAP
- POP3
- SMTP
Sarah's email client is likely using POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). POP3 is a protocol that downloads emails to the local device and typically does not synchronize actions across multiple devices. Emails are often downloaded and removed from the server, leading to discrepancies between devices.
What differentiates a MAC address from an IP address in terms of their roles in network communication?
- IP addresses are only used in wired networks.
- MAC addresses are longer than IP addresses.
- MAC addresses are physical, data-link layer addresses, while IP addresses are logical, network layer addresses.
- MAC addresses are used for routing, while IP addresses are used for addressing.
MAC addresses are physical addresses assigned to Network Interface Cards (NICs) and are used at the data-link layer for local communication within a network. IP addresses, on the other hand, are logical addresses used for routing data across networks at the network layer.
A newly established smart city is planning to connect all its utilities and infrastructure. The city council wants a medium that provides high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and ensures data security. Which transmission medium would best serve their needs?
- Fiber Optic Cable
- Microwave Transmission
- Satellite Communication
- Twisted Pair Cable
Fiber Optic Cable is the best choice for a smart city. It offers high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and provides data security, making it suitable for connecting various utilities and infrastructure securely.
A network administrator is troubleshooting connectivity issues on a computer. While the IP address seems to change when moving to different networks, one address remains consistent. Which address is the administrator observing?
- Dynamic IP Address
- MAC Address
- Static IP Address
- Subnet Mask
The consistent address that remains the same as a device moves across different networks is the MAC address (Media Access Control address). This is a unique hardware address assigned to the network interface card (NIC) of a device.
In a real-time online gaming environment, quick data transmission and receipt of acknowledgments are crucial. Which flow control mechanism might be better suited for such a scenario?
- ARP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is better suited for real-time online gaming because it offers faster data transmission and doesn't have the acknowledgment and retransmission mechanisms of TCP, which can introduce latency.
In which scenario would the Stop-and-Wait protocol be less efficient compared to the sliding window protocol?
- High bandwidth, long propagation delay
- High bandwidth, short propagation delay
- Low bandwidth, long propagation delay
- Low bandwidth, short propagation delay
The Stop-and-Wait protocol would be less efficient compared to the sliding window protocol in scenarios with low bandwidth and short propagation delay. In such cases, the efficiency of data transfer is limited due to the protocol's stop-and-wait nature.
Applications that need a fire-and-forget mechanism without the need for acknowledgments usually employ the ________ protocol.
- FTP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used for applications that require a "fire-and-forget" mechanism, where speed is more important than reliability and acknowledgments. UDP doesn't provide acknowledgment or error-checking like TCP.
For secure web browsing using HTTPS, browsers typically connect to web servers on port number ________.
- 21
- 443
- 80
- 8080
Browsers connect to web servers using port 443 for HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) to ensure secure, encrypted data transfer between the client (browser) and the server. Port 80 is used for standard HTTP.
In the context of networking, protocols ensure ____________ between devices.
- Data Privacy
- Hardware Compatibility
- Interoperability
- Network Speed
Protocols ensure interoperability between devices. They define a set of rules and conventions that devices must follow to communicate effectively, ensuring that different devices can understand and work with each other.