In a three-way handshake, after the client sends a SYN packet, the server responds with a _______ packet.
- ACK
- FIN
- RST
- SYN-ACK
In a TCP three-way handshake, the server responds to the client's SYN (synchronize) packet with a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledgment) packet. This process is a critical part of establishing a reliable connection between the client and server.
In the context of congestion control and flow control, which protocol has built-in mechanisms to handle network congestion?
- ARP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) includes built-in mechanisms for handling network congestion. It uses techniques like sliding window flow control and congestion avoidance to ensure reliable data delivery and manage network congestion efficiently.
Sarah, a cybersecurity expert, is analyzing network traffic and notices a series of frames with the same source address that doesn't match any known manufacturers. She suspects this is a spoofed address. Which part of the frame is she analyzing?
- Frame Header
- IP Address
- MAC Address
- Port Number
Sarah is analyzing the MAC address, which is a part of the frame header. The MAC address is a hardware address associated with the source device. A discrepancy in this address might indicate address spoofing, which can be a security concern.
Which technique is used to convert received analog signals back into their original digital form?
- Decoding
- Demodulation
- Encoding
- Modulation
Demodulation is the technique used to convert received analog signals back into their original digital form. It's the reverse process of modulation and is crucial in the reception of data in analog communication systems.
Which technology allows remote users to securely connect to a private network over the internet?
- LAN
- PAN
- VPN
- WAN
VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology enables remote users to securely connect to a private network over the internet. It provides a secure and encrypted tunnel for data transmission, making it ideal for remote work, accessing private resources, and maintaining data privacy.
What type of network would a smartwatch connecting to a smartphone typically use?
- Intranet
- LAN
- PAN
- WAN
PAN (Personal Area Network) is a type of network used for connecting personal devices within an individual's immediate vicinity, like a smartwatch connecting to a smartphone via Bluetooth.
A large enterprise has multiple branches across continents and wants to ensure that it can prioritize certain types of traffic over others, and also wants granular control over routing policies. Which routing protocol would be best suited for this purpose?
- BGP
- EIGRP
- OSPF
- RIP
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the most appropriate choice for such a scenario. BGP is designed for large-scale networks and provides fine-grained control over routing policies. It's often used for connecting multiple branches across continents, as it allows prioritizing and controlling routes effectively.
Sarah's email client allows her to download emails for offline access. However, when she deletes an email on her laptop, she notices it's still available on her mobile phone. Which email protocol is her client likely using?
- HTTP
- IMAP
- POP3
- SMTP
Sarah's email client is likely using POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). POP3 is a protocol that downloads emails to the local device and typically does not synchronize actions across multiple devices. Emails are often downloaded and removed from the server, leading to discrepancies between devices.
What differentiates a MAC address from an IP address in terms of their roles in network communication?
- IP addresses are only used in wired networks.
- MAC addresses are longer than IP addresses.
- MAC addresses are physical, data-link layer addresses, while IP addresses are logical, network layer addresses.
- MAC addresses are used for routing, while IP addresses are used for addressing.
MAC addresses are physical addresses assigned to Network Interface Cards (NICs) and are used at the data-link layer for local communication within a network. IP addresses, on the other hand, are logical addresses used for routing data across networks at the network layer.
A newly established smart city is planning to connect all its utilities and infrastructure. The city council wants a medium that provides high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and ensures data security. Which transmission medium would best serve their needs?
- Fiber Optic Cable
- Microwave Transmission
- Satellite Communication
- Twisted Pair Cable
Fiber Optic Cable is the best choice for a smart city. It offers high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and provides data security, making it suitable for connecting various utilities and infrastructure securely.