When the EXIT statement is executed, it can trigger the release of __________ resources.
- External
- File
- Memory
- System
When the EXIT statement is executed in COBOL, it can trigger the release of memory resources. This is particularly important for efficient resource management within a program.
What is the primary characteristic of a sequential file organization in COBOL?
- Records are stored in a consecutive order based on a key field
- Records are stored in a tree-like structure
- Records are stored randomly across the file
- Records can be directly accessed using an index
In a sequential file organization, records are stored in consecutive order based on a key field. This allows for easy retrieval of records in the order they were added to the file.
You are working on a COBOL program that calculates the age of a person based on their date of birth. Which COBOL function or technique would you use to perform this calculation?
- AGE function
- Arithmetic operations with date fields
- DATE-OF-BIRTH function
- Reference modification with date fields
In COBOL, you would typically perform age calculation using arithmetic operations with date fields. By subtracting the birthdate from the current date, you can obtain the age of the person.
How can the FUNCTION LENGTH intrinsic function be used to determine the length of a string in COBOL?
- FUNCTION LENGTH OF STRING-NAME
- FUNCTION LENGTH OF STRING-NAME RETURNING LENGTH-VARIABLE
- FUNCTION LENGTH STRING-NAME
- FUNCTION LENGTH(STRING-NAME)
The correct syntax for using FUNCTION LENGTH to determine the length of a string in COBOL is FUNCTION LENGTH OF STRING-NAME RETURNING LENGTH-VARIABLE. It returns the length of the specified string into the LENGTH-VARIABLE.
When working with VSAM and ISAM files, the _____ clause defines the organization of the file.
- ACCESS
- KEY
- ORGANIZATION
- RECORD
In COBOL, the ORGANIZATION clause is used to define the organization of a file, particularly when dealing with VSAM and ISAM files. It specifies whether the file is sequential, indexed, or relative.
Explain how COBOL handles file locking and multi-user access when using the "I-O" mode.
- COBOL doesn't support file locking
- COBOL implements record-level locking to ensure data integrity
- COBOL restricts access to one user at a time
- COBOL utilizes system-level file locking mechanisms to prevent conflicts
When using the "I-O" mode in COBOL, file locking and multi-user access are typically handled by system-level mechanisms rather than by COBOL itself. COBOL programs can utilize features provided by the operating system to implement file locking and ensure data integrity in multi-user environments.
In a COBOL program, if you have a numeric data item defined as USAGE COMP-3, what is the effect of applying the REDEFINES clause to it?
- It allows the same data to be referenced using different data descriptions
- It converts the COMP-3 data to COMP data
- It defines a new data item with the same name
- It is not allowed to use REDEFINES with COMP-3
The REDEFINES clause in COBOL allows the same storage space to be referenced using different data descriptions. When applied to a numeric data item with USAGE COMP-3, it enables sharing the same memory location with other data items, potentially of different types.
In COBOL, what are the advantages of using a structured error-handling approach over traditional methods?
- Improved readability, ease of maintenance, and better program control
- Limited support for various types of exceptions
- Minimal impact on program structure
- Reduced program execution speed and increased complexity
A structured error-handling approach in COBOL offers advantages such as improved code readability, ease of maintenance, and better program control. It enhances the overall quality of the program and makes it easier to manage exceptions in a systematic manner.
You receive a runtime error related to file handling in your COBOL program. How would you approach debugging this issue, and what tools or techniques would you use?
- Check file permissions and access rights
- Ignore the error and proceed
- Increase CPU processing speed
- Reinstall COBOL compiler
Runtime errors related to file handling in COBOL programs often stem from issues such as incorrect file permissions, invalid file paths, or file access conflicts. To debug this issue, one would start by checking the file permissions and access rights to ensure the program has the necessary permissions to read from or write to the file. Additionally, examining the file handling code, ensuring proper file open/close operations, and using file monitoring tools or file system debuggers can help identify and resolve file-related runtime errors in COBOL programs.
In COBOL, a _____ is a condition that triggers a temporary stop in program execution for inspection during debugging.
- Breakpoint
- DEBUGGER
- HALT
- STOP RUN
A breakpoint in COBOL is a condition set by the programmer that causes a temporary stop in program execution during debugging. This allows the programmer to inspect variables and control the flow of the program for effective debugging.