Etcd is a distributed key-value store used in Kubernetes to store all configuration data, which ensures high availability and consistency. It's crucial for maintaining a shared configuration and service discovery among all nodes in the cluster.

The correct option is 'Hypervisor.' A hypervisor is a type of virtualization technology that allows a single physical machine to run multiple virtual machines. These virtual machines, or VMs, are isolated from each other and from the host system. The hypervisor controls and allocates hardware resources to these VMs, making it an efficient solution for server virtualization. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are not related to machine virtualization. Emulation often replicates a specific environment for compatibility, while containerization is a different virtualization method where applications share the same OS kernel.

GDPR, Article 22, grants users the right to request an explanation for automated decisions that significantly affect them. This ensures transparency and accountability in cases where algorithms or AI systems are used for decision-making.

The blank should be filled with "Rehosting." Rehosting is a migration strategy where applications are moved to the cloud with minimal changes, offering a faster migration but not leveraging cloud-native capabilities.

The primary focus of cost management tools in cloud computing is to track resource usage and optimize spending. These tools provide insights into how cloud resources are utilized and help organizations make informed decisions to minimize unnecessary expenses.

Continuous Improvement is the practice of continuously enhancing the CI/CD process, making it more efficient, secure, and reliable over time.

Strict access controls help reduce the risk of insider trading by limiting employees' access to only the data necessary for their specific job roles, preventing misuse.

In Software as a Service (SaaS), the cloud provider supplies and manages both the underlying infrastructure and software applications. Users access the software via the internet, with no need to worry about infrastructure or application maintenance.

Cloud Billing systems allow companies to visualize and manage cloud spend. They provide detailed insights into how resources are being used and where cost-saving opportunities exist, helping to manage expenses effectively.

Provisioning additional storage in a cloud environment is an example of 'Scaling Storage,' which involves adjusting storage resources to meet the requirements of the application or system.