Logs can be ingested into CloudWatch Logs through various methods including agent-based ingestion using tools like CloudWatch Logs Agent, integration with AWS SDKs, and direct API calls to the CloudWatch Logs service.

CloudWatch Logs provides options to export log data to other AWS services or external destinations using features such as CloudWatch Logs subscriptions, AWS Lambda functions, and AWS CLI commands for manual export operations.

CloudWatch Logs allows you to define retention policies to control how long log data is retained, aiding in managing storage costs and compliance requirements.

CloudWatch Logs Insights provides a query-based interface for querying and analyzing log data, enabling users to run ad-hoc queries to gain insights into log events.

Log groups in CloudWatch Logs are used to organize log events based on a common identifier or category, aiding in efficient log management and analysis.

Log metric filters in CloudWatch Logs enable you to define patterns in log data and create metrics based on those patterns, allowing you to trigger actions.

Log archival is a feature of CloudWatch Logs that enables you to archive log data to Amazon S3 for long-term storage.

AWS Lambda can be integrated with CloudWatch Logs for automated log analysis and response, enabling you to process log data and trigger actions based on defined logic.

Amazon CloudWatch Logs is a centralized logging service that allows you to monitor, store, and access log files from various AWS services and resources. You would configure each microservice to send its logs to CloudWatch Logs for centralized management and analysis.

AWS X-Ray is primarily used for distributed tracing, allowing you to visualize and understand how requests propagate through your application and its dependencies.