Log archival is a feature of CloudWatch Logs that enables you to archive log data to Amazon S3 for long-term storage.

AWS Lambda can be integrated with CloudWatch Logs for automated log analysis and response, enabling you to process log data and trigger actions based on defined logic.

Amazon CloudWatch Logs is a centralized logging service that allows you to monitor, store, and access log files from various AWS services and resources. You would configure each microservice to send its logs to CloudWatch Logs for centralized management and analysis.

By creating retention policies in CloudWatch Logs, you can specify the retention period for log data, ensuring that it is retained for the required duration of seven years to comply with regulatory requirements.

AWS X-Ray provides insights into latency and errors by tracing requests and capturing data such as response times and error rates, helping you identify performance bottlenecks.

AWS X-Ray visualizes the flow of requests through distributed applications, showing how requests are processed and which components are involved, aiding in understanding application architecture and performance.

The primary components of AWS X-Ray include the Tracing SDK, which instruments your application, the X-Ray daemon, which collects and sends tracing data to X-Ray, and the X-Ray console, which provides a visual representation of your application's performance.

AWS X-Ray integrates with AWS Lambda functions through automatic instrumentation, capturing traces without requiring manual code changes.

AWS X-Ray provides benefits such as tracing requests through distributed systems, identifying performance bottlenecks, and offering insights into application performance, which are essential for debugging and performance optimization.

AWS X-Ray implements distributed tracing to track and analyze requests as they travel through various services in a microservices architecture, providing insights into request flow and performance.