You're learning about ASP.NET Core and come across the term "middleware." What role does middleware play in the processing of a web request?
- Authenticating users
- Handling HTTP requests and responses
- Rendering HTML templates
- Running unit tests
Middleware in ASP.NET Core plays a critical role in processing web requests. It sits between the web server and your application, allowing you to handle HTTP requests and responses. Each middleware component can perform tasks like routing, authentication, logging, and more.
You are building a blog application where only the blog author should be able to edit or delete a post. How would you use the [Authorize] attribute to achieve this behavior?
- Apply [Authorize] to the Edit and Delete actions
- Apply [Authorize] to the entire controller
- Use [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")] for blog authors
- Use [AllowAnonymous] for blog authors
To ensure that only the blog author can edit or delete a post, you would apply the [Authorize] attribute to the Edit and Delete actions in the controller. This allows you to specify authorization at the action level, and you can further customize it to check if the user making the request is the author of the post being edited or deleted. Applying [Authorize] to the entire controller would restrict access to all actions within it, which is not the desired behavior in this case. [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")] is role-based authorization and doesn't address this scenario, and [AllowAnonymous] would allow everyone, which is the opposite of the desired behavior.
In a CI/CD pipeline for an ASP.NET Core application, after the code is committed to a version control system, what is typically the next step?
- Build
- Manual Testing
- Deployment
- Documentation
After code is committed to a version control system (e.g., Git), the next typical step in a CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) pipeline is the build process. During the build, the code is compiled, tested, and packaged, preparing it for deployment to different environments.
Your ASP.NET Core application has a scenario where a user tries to update a record that another user has already modified. How can you handle such scenarios using Entity Framework Core to ensure data integrity?
- Optimistic Concurrency
- Pessimistic Locking
- No Locking
- Dirty Read
Optimistic Concurrency is a technique used in Entity Framework Core to handle concurrent updates. When enabled, it checks if a record has been modified by another user since it was loaded, and if so, it prevents the update, ensuring data integrity and preventing data loss due to overwrites.
When deploying an ASP.NET Core application using Docker, which file is crucial for defining the environment and settings of the container?
- Dockerfile
- appsettings.json
- Startup.cs
- Package.json
The crucial file for defining the environment and settings of a Docker container for an ASP.NET Core application is the Dockerfile. This file contains instructions on how to build the container image, what base image to use, and how to configure the environment.
For ensuring that the test runs in isolation, real services or components might be replaced with _________ during unit testing.
- Mocks
- Stubs
- Dummies
- Fakes
During unit testing, real services or components that are external to the unit being tested are often replaced with mocks or stubs. Mocks provide controlled behavior for testing without relying on the actual implementations of these external components.
What is the primary difference between the _ViewImports.cshtml and _ViewStart.cshtml files in Razor?
- _ViewImports.cshtml sets directives and namespaces
- _ViewStart.cshtml sets layout and common code
- They serve the same purpose
- _ViewStart.cshtml sets routing rules
The primary difference between _ViewImports.cshtml and _ViewStart.cshtml in Razor is their purpose. _ViewImports.cshtml is used to set directives, namespaces, and base class declarations for views, whereas _ViewStart.cshtml is used to specify common layout code and execute code before rendering views. _ViewStart.cshtml is typically used to set layout and execute code that should apply globally to multiple views.
When securing your ASP.NET Core Web APIs, which authentication approach uses a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties?
- OAuth 2.0
- JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
- SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)
- OpenID Connect
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) is an authentication approach commonly used in ASP.NET Core Web APIs. JWTs are compact and URL-safe, making them efficient for transferring claims between parties. They provide a secure way to represent user identities and access permissions.
You're building a simple website using ASP.NET Core. You want to display a friendly error page when something goes wrong in your application. What's the standard way to do this in ASP.NET Core?
- Custom Error Page
- Detailed Logging
- Exception Handling Middleware
- Using Console.WriteLine()
The standard way to display a friendly error page in ASP.NET Core is by using Exception Handling Middleware. This middleware captures unhandled exceptions and can be configured to display custom error pages, making it easier for users to understand what went wrong.
In a project where user registration is done programmatically, you want to ensure that users have a strong password and are locked out after 5 incorrect login attempts. Which class should you configure to enforce these rules?
- IdentityUser
- IdentityRole
- PasswordHasher
- IdentityOptions
To enforce password strength rules and configure account lockout settings, you should configure the IdentityOptions class. This class allows you to set various security-related options, including password complexity requirements and account lockout thresholds.