The primary advantage of mock APIs in parallel development is the reduction of dependencies on external systems. This independence allows developers to work simultaneously without waiting for external services, fostering efficient parallel development environments.

Testers must be aware of the endpoints and parameters required by different API endpoints to perform accurate testing. Endpoints define the specific locations or paths that the API serves, and parameters specify the necessary information for successful API calls. Accurate documentation ensures testers have the right insights for testing different aspects of the API.

In a DevOps environment with a focus on rapid releases, automated testing is essential for achieving continuous integration and continuous testing. Automation ensures faster feedback on code changes, reduces the risk of defects, and accelerates the release cycle, aligning with the principles of DevOps.

A major challenge is ensuring a stable testing environment by handling external dependencies. Test automation needs to account for the availability and stability of external resources, ensuring reliable and consistent test results.

Latency in API performance testing refers to the time delay or lag in data transmission between the client and server. It represents the time taken for a request to travel from the client to the server and back, including the processing time. Minimizing latency is crucial for optimizing API performance and ensuring a prompt response to user requests, contributing to a smoother user experience.

The correct option is "a) Backward." Ensuring backward compatibility means that the deprecated API continues to work seamlessly with existing code, preserving functionality for users who have not yet migrated to the updated version. This is essential for maintaining trust and minimizing disruptions during transitions.

API deprecation is a critical part of API lifecycle management. It requires careful planning, effective communication, and support for users to ensure a smooth transition. Neglecting this aspect can lead to disruptions and dissatisfaction among users.

GraphQL enables clients to request only the data they need, reducing over-fetching. Over-fetching occurs when an API returns more data than necessary, leading to increased bandwidth usage. GraphQL's flexibility addresses this issue, enhancing efficiency in data retrieval.

API versioning impacts script design by influencing how changes in APIs are handled. A well-designed script should accommodate version-specific behaviors, ensuring compatibility and longevity. Emphasizing script reusability minimizes the maintenance overhead caused by API updates.

In test environments, "Mocking" is commonly used to simulate external API dependencies. Mocking allows developers to create controlled and predictable responses from external services during testing, ensuring that the application behaves as expected without relying on actual external APIs.