In AngularJS, two-way data binding is a part of its Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architecture. The MVVM architecture extends the traditional MVC pattern by introducing a ViewModel, which enhances data binding capabilities. The ViewModel in AngularJS acts as an intermediary between the Model and the View, facilitating efficient two-way data binding and ensuring a smooth flow of data between the application's logic and the user interface. Understanding the MVVM architecture is fundamental for leveraging the full power of two-way data binding in AngularJS.

In AngularJS, the $apply function is used to manually update the view from the controller. When changes occur outside of Angular's digest cycle, using $apply ensures that the changes are detected and the view is updated accordingly. This is particularly important when dealing with asynchronous operations or external events in AngularJS applications.

In AngularJS, you define a new module using the angular.module() method. This method allows you to create a module or retrieve an existing one. Modules play a crucial role in structuring AngularJS applications, and knowing how to define them is essential for organizing and managing the components of your application effectively.

The ng-switch directive in AngularJS enhances decision-making capabilities in the view by dynamically switching between different views based on the provided conditions. It acts as a more expressive and efficient alternative to using multiple if-else conditions in the view. With ng-switch, the view can adapt and display different content based on the evaluated expressions, providing a cleaner and more readable way to handle complex conditional rendering in AngularJS applications.

In AngularJS's two-way data binding mechanism, the Scope plays the role of synchronizing data between the model and the view. Any changes made in the model or the view are automatically reflected in the other, ensuring real-time updates. This bidirectional data flow simplifies development and enhances the responsiveness of AngularJS applications.

The ng-class directive in AngularJS allows you to dynamically manipulate CSS classes on an HTML element based on the data in the scope. It is commonly used for conditional styling, where the presence or absence of a class depends on certain conditions. Understanding how to use ng-class is crucial for creating dynamic and responsive user interfaces in AngularJS applications.

The ng-repeat directive is essential for rendering lists or tables dynamically in AngularJS. It iterates over a collection of items and generates HTML elements for each item. This powerful directive is commonly used to display data from arrays or objects, making it a key feature for building dynamic and responsive user interfaces in AngularJS applications.

In AngularJS, scope broadcasting is done using the $broadcast method. This method allows the child scopes to emit events to their parent scopes. By using $broadcast, developers can communicate between different parts of the application and synchronize data updates. Mastering the use of $broadcast is essential for effective communication in AngularJS applications.

AngularJS handles the conditional display of elements in the view through the ng-show and ng-hide directives. These directives allow developers to conditionally show or hide elements based on expressions evaluated in the AngularJS scope. This declarative approach simplifies the management of conditional logic in the view, promoting a more maintainable and expressive codebase. Understanding how AngularJS handles conditional display is crucial for creating dynamic and responsive user interfaces.

Handling API rate limits is crucial in scenarios where an AngularJS application makes frequent requests to an API. Implementing mechanisms such as client-side caching, request throttling, and error handling can help manage and respect API rate limits. This ensures that the application operates within the allowed usage thresholds, preventing service disruptions and enhancing overall reliability.