The @Component decorator is used to declare a class as an Angular component. Components are the fundamental building blocks of Angular applications, representing user interface elements. NgModule is used to define modules, @Directive is used for custom directives, and @Injectable is used for dependency injection, but they are not used to declare components.

To add a specific Angular capability to your project, like Progressive Web App (PWA) support, you would use the ng enable command. This command allows you to enable various features and capabilities in your Angular application.

When implementing a custom async validator in Angular, the error object typically has a key that describes the error (e.g., 'customError') and a message value (a string) that provides details about the specific validation error. This message is useful for displaying error messages to users when their input is invalid.

In template-driven forms, custom validators are implemented by defining custom validation functions in the component. These functions can be used to validate form controls by adding them to the Validators array in the HTML template. While ReactiveForms use Validators directly in the form template, template-driven forms require custom logic in the component to implement custom validation.

In template-driven forms in Angular, [(ngModel)] is used to create a two-way data binding between form controls in the template and the corresponding data model in the component class. This allows changes in the form controls to automatically update the model, and changes in the model to update the form controls. It's a key feature for working with form data.

In Angular, the @Directive decorator is used to create custom attributes. By defining a directive with this decorator, you can attach custom behavior or properties to elements in your Angular templates, creating custom attributes.

To make Angular recognize your custom component's value accessor for ngModel, you need to add it to the providers array of your component and associate it with the ControlValueAccessor token. This token signifies that your custom component implements the ControlValueAccessor interface, which is necessary for two-way data binding with ngModel.

Observables are a push-based mechanism in JavaScript. They allow you to work with asynchronous data streams, where data can be emitted at any time, rather than being pulled when needed as with Promises or using callbacks.

For changing the background color of an element when hovered, an Attribute Directive is the best choice. Attribute Directives are used to modify the behavior or appearance of an element. You can create an Attribute Directive that listens for the mouseenter and mouseleave events and modifies the element's style accordingly. This approach is more suitable than other types of directives for this specific task.

In Angular, you can pass data from a parent component to a child component by using an input property. Input properties allow you to bind a value in the parent component to a property in the child component, enabling data transfer from parent to child.