In selection sort, what is the main operation performed in each iteration?
- Doubling the size of the sorted portion
- Finding the minimum element in the unsorted portion and swapping it with the first element of the unsorted part
- Multiplying elements in the unsorted portion
- Randomly rearranging elements in the unsorted portion
The main operation in each iteration of selection sort is finding the minimum element in the unsorted portion and swapping it with the first element of the unsorted part. This gradually builds the sorted portion.
What is the main disadvantage of the basic implementation of Quick Sort?
- Limited applicability
- Not in-place
- Poor performance on small datasets
- Unstable sorting
The main disadvantage of the basic implementation of Quick Sort is its poor performance on small datasets. While efficient for large datasets, it may not be the best choice for smaller ones due to overhead in the recursive calls and partitioning.
Quick Sort can handle duplicate elements efficiently due to its _______ step.
- Merging
- Partitioning
- Searching
- Sorting
Quick Sort handles duplicate elements efficiently due to its partitioning step, where elements are rearranged such that duplicates end up together, making the subsequent steps more efficient.
What is the time complexity of the dynamic programming approach for solving the longest common substring problem?
- O(n log n)
- O(n)
- O(n^2)
- O(n^3)
The time complexity of the dynamic programming approach for the longest common substring problem is O(n^2), where 'n' is the length of the input strings. This is achieved by using a 2D table to store intermediate results and avoiding redundant computations.
How does the A* search algorithm differ from other search algorithms like Depth-First Search and Breadth-First Search?
- A* combines both the depth-first and breadth-first approaches
- A* considers only the breadth-first approach
- A* considers only the depth-first approach
- A* has no similarities with Depth-First and Breadth-First Search
A* search algorithm differs from others by combining elements of both depth-first and breadth-first approaches. It uses a heuristic to guide the search, unlike the purely blind search of Depth-First and Breadth-First Search.
Which data structure is typically used to implement binary search efficiently?
- Linked List
- Queue
- Sorted Array
- Stack
Binary search is typically implemented on a sorted array. This is because the algorithm relies on the ability to efficiently discard half of the elements based on a comparison with the target value.
What are some common use cases for regular expression matching?
- Calculating mathematical expressions, generating random numbers, formatting dates.
- Copying files between directories, creating network connections, compiling source code.
- Playing multimedia files, encrypting data, compressing files.
- Validating email addresses, searching for specific words in a document, extracting data from text, and pattern-based substitutions.
Common use cases for regular expression matching include validating email addresses, searching for specific words in a document, extracting data from text, and performing pattern-based substitutions. Regular expressions provide a flexible and efficient way to work with textual data.
What is the significance of the residual graph in the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm?
- It is created to visualize the flow of the algorithm for debugging purposes.
- It is irrelevant to the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm.
- It is used to track the remaining capacity of each edge after augmenting paths.
- It represents the original graph without any modifications.
The residual graph in the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is significant as it represents the remaining capacity of each edge after augmenting paths. It helps the algorithm identify additional paths for flow augmentation and plays a crucial role in determining the maximum flow.
Matrix Chain Multiplication can be applied in real-life scenarios such as _______.
- DNA sequencing in bioinformatics
- Image compression in computer graphics
- Optimization of network traffic routing
- Simulation of quantum algorithms
Matrix Chain Multiplication is applied in real-life scenarios such as image compression in computer graphics, where efficient multiplication of matrices is essential for compression algorithms.
What is the purpose of the Edit Distance algorithm?
- Counting the total number of characters in a string.
- Determining the length of the longest common substring.
- Finding the similarity between two strings.
- Measuring the difference or similarity between two strings.
The Edit Distance algorithm is used to measure the difference or similarity between two strings. It calculates the minimum number of operations (edits) required to transform one string into another. This is valuable in applications like spell checking, DNA sequencing, and comparing texts.