DFS can be implemented iteratively using a stack. In this approach, a stack is used to keep track of the vertices to be explored. The process involves pushing the initial vertex onto the stack, then repeatedly popping a vertex, visiting its unvisited neighbors, and pushing them onto the stack. This iterative process continues until the stack is empty, ensuring a depth-first exploration of the graph without the use of recursion.

Bubble sort may outperform other sorting algorithms when the dataset is nearly sorted or has a small number of elements. This is because bubble sort's simplicity and adaptive nature make it efficient in certain scenarios, especially when elements are already close to their sorted positions.

In each step of the binary search algorithm, the middle element of the current search space is compared with the target value. Depending on the result, the search space is either halved or the target is found.

Dijkstra's algorithm is used to find the shortest path between two nodes in a weighted graph. The term "shortest" refers to the minimum sum of weights along the path, and "weighted" implies that each edge has an associated numerical value.

The load factor is the ratio of the number of elements to the size of the hash table. A lower load factor (more space available) generally leads to better performance, as it reduces the likelihood of collisions and maintains a more efficient search time.

Bellman-Ford algorithm has a higher time complexity compared to Dijkstra's algorithm. Its time complexity is O(VE), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges. This is due to the algorithm's approach of relaxing edges iteratively for a fixed number of times.

To implement DFS iteratively, a stack data structure can be used to keep track of nodes to visit next. This follows the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, allowing the algorithm to explore as deeply as possible before backtracking.

A* search does not guarantee finding the optimal solution for all problem instances. While it is complete and optimal in theory, the guarantee depends on the admissibility of the heuristic function. If the heuristic is admissible, A* is guaranteed to find the optimal solution; otherwise, optimality is not assured.

Breadth-First Search is commonly used in maps/navigation systems to find the shortest path between two locations. BFS ensures that the path found is the shortest because it explores nodes level by level, and the first instance of reaching the destination guarantees the shortest path.

Hash tables commonly use chaining as a method to resolve collisions. Chaining involves each bucket maintaining a linked list of key-value pairs that hash to the same index. When a collision occurs, the new key-value pair is simply appended to the linked list at that index.