What metric would be more appropriate to use when the classes in a classification problem are imbalanced?
- Accuracy
- F1 Score
- Mean Absolute Error
- Root Mean Square Error
When dealing with imbalanced classes, the F1 Score is a more appropriate metric. It considers both precision and recall, making it suitable for situations where one class is significantly more prevalent than the other.
A start-up is developing a speech recognition system that transcribes audio clips into text. The system needs to consider the order of spoken words and their context. Which neural network model would be best suited for this sequential data task?
- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
- Transformer
- Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
- Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
A Transformer model is best suited for this task because it excels in capturing long-range dependencies and context in sequential data, making it highly effective for transcribing audio clips into text and understanding the spoken words' context.
Which machine learning algorithm works by recursively splitting the data set into subsets based on the value of features until it reaches a certain stopping criterion?
- Decision Trees
- K-Means Clustering
- Linear Regression
- Neural Networks
Decision Trees work by recursively splitting the dataset into subsets based on feature values. This process continues until a stopping criterion, such as the maximum depth of the tree, is met. Decision Trees are used for both classification and regression tasks.
A retail store wants to recommend products to customers based on their purchase history. They want to find products that other customers with similar purchase histories have bought. Which algorithm is apt for this recommendation system?
- Apriori Algorithm
- Collaborative Filtering
- Linear Regression
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Collaborative Filtering is ideal for recommending products based on user behavior and finding items preferred by users with similar purchase histories. It leverages user-item interaction patterns for recommendations.
In DQNs, the target Q-values are updated less frequently than the predicted Q-values to ensure stability, using a concept known as ________ networks.
- Target
- Control
- Reactive
- Neural
In Deep Q Networks (DQNs), the target Q-values are updated less frequently to stabilize learning. This concept is known as 'target' networks, which involves having separate target Q-networks.
One advanced technique used in time series forecasting with deep learning is the ________ neural network, known for its ability to remember sequences over time.
- Recurrent
- Convolutional
- Randomized
- Decision
The recurrent neural network (RNN) is well-known for its ability to remember sequences over time, making it a valuable tool for time series forecasting.
A spam filter is being designed to classify emails. The model needs to consider the presence of certain words in the email (e.g., "sale," "discount") and their likelihood to indicate spam. Which classifier is more suited for this kind of problem?
- K-Means Clustering
- Naive Bayes
- Random Forest
- Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Naive Bayes is effective for text classification tasks, such as spam filtering, as it models the likelihood of words (e.g., "sale," "discount") indicating spam or non-spam, considering word presence.
You're working with a large dataset of facial images. You want to reduce the dimensionality of the images while preserving their primary features for facial recognition. Which neural network structure would you employ?
- Autoencoder
- Convolutional Neural Network
- Recurrent Neural Network
- Generative Adversarial Network
Autoencoders are used to reduce the dimensionality of data while preserving essential features. They are commonly employed in facial recognition for feature extraction.
Which phase of the Linux boot process is responsible for hardware detection and initial setup?
- Init
- BIOS/UEFI
- GRUB
- Initrd
The Initrd (Initial RAM Disk) phase of the Linux boot process is responsible for hardware detection and initial setup. It loads essential modules and drivers needed to mount the root file system and continue the boot process.
To see the history of commands executed in the terminal, you would use the ________ command.
- history
- list
- log
- trace
To see the history of commands executed in the terminal, you would use the "history" command. This command displays a list of previously executed commands, making it easier to re-run or recall commands that were used in the past.
What is the purpose of the $? variable in a shell script?
- It represents the process ID of the script.
- It stores the script's exit status.
- It contains the script's standard input.
- It holds the current working directory of the script.
The purpose of the $? variable in a shell script is to store the script's exit status. A value of 0 typically indicates success, while non-zero values indicate different types of errors or failures. This is essential for error checking and script control flow.
Which of the following is a valid way to declare a variable in Bash?
- myVar=42
- $myVar = 42
- var myVar = 42
- set myVar 42
A valid way to declare a variable in Bash is by using the format 'myVar=42'. This assigns the value 42 to the variable 'myVar'. The '$' symbol is used to reference the variable.