In which scenarios could the use of goto be considered acceptable or even advisable?
- To enhance the readability of deeply nested loops.
- To replace exception handling mechanisms.
- For breaking out of multiple nested loops.
- To implement recursive functions.
While the use of "goto" is generally discouraged in modern programming due to making code harder to read and maintain, there are rare cases, like breaking out of multiple nested loops or complex error handling before exceptions were widely adopted, where its use might be considered.
What is the difference between break and continue in the context of a loop?
- break stops the loop, continue skips to the next iteration
- break skips to the next iteration, continue stops the loop
- Both have the same function
- Neither is used in loops
In a loop, the break statement is used to exit the loop prematurely, halting its execution entirely. On the other hand, the continue statement skips the remaining part of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration.
In a for loop, if a continue statement is executed, then the control jumps to _______.
- beginning of loop
- end of loop
- next iteration
- next statement
When a continue statement is encountered inside a loop, it skips the remaining portion of the current iteration and jumps to the start of the next iteration. In a for loop, this means the loop's update statement (like i++ in for(int i=0; i<10; i++)) gets executed.
To loop over each character in a string named myString, one could use for(_______ : myString).
- auto& ch
- char& ch
- int i
- string str
Using auto& ch in a range-based for loop allows iterating over each character directly without copying. The auto keyword infers the type, making the code cleaner.
Who is the creator of the C++ programming language?
- Bjarne Stroustrup
- Dennis Ritchie
- Guido van Rossum
- James Gosling
Bjarne Stroustrup is the creator of C++. He developed it as an extension of the C programming language.
What does the "++" symbolize in the C++ programming language?
- Double precision
- Enhancement to C
- Increment
- Two plus operations
The "++" in C++ symbolizes an "enhancement to C." Bjarne Stroustrup, when developing the language, considered C++ as an extension or improvement of the C language, hence the name C with an increment "++".
You are developing a simulation that runs in discrete time steps...
- Parallelize the simulation across multiple CPU cores.
- Decrease the resolution of the simulation.
- Use lazy evaluation for less critical calculations.
- Increase the time step size.
Parallelizing the simulation allows it to leverage the power of multi-core processors, thereby executing multiple parts of the simulation concurrently. This can lead to a substantial decrease in total simulation time, especially when there are many independent parts in the simulation.
In C++ STL, which algorithm is most suitable for rearranging elements in a range, so they are in reversed order?
- sort()
- reverse()
- swap()
- rotate()
The reverse() algorithm in C++ STL is explicitly designed to reverse the elements in a specified range. While other algorithms like sort(), swap(), and rotate() have different primary purposes, only reverse() guarantees the desired effect for this use-case.
In a real-time gaming application written in C++, which smart pointer would you choose to manage instances of game objects, assuming the objects need to be shared across multiple game scenes?
- auto_ptr
- weak_ptr
- shared_ptr
- unique_ptr
shared_ptr allows multiple pointers to share ownership of the same object. This ensures that the object remains alive as long as there's at least one shared_ptr pointing to it, which is ideal for shared resources in games.
A specific version of a function template created for a particular data type is referred to as a template _______.
- instantiation
- function
- specification
- meta-function
When a function template is used with a specific data type, the compiler creates a version of that function for the given type. This specific version is known as a template instantiation.
In a graphics rendering engine, you need to store RGB color values. Which data type would be most appropriate for each color channel to balance memory usage and color depth?
- float
- int
- unsigned char
- long
Each RGB color channel requires values from 0 to 255. An unsigned char can store values in this range using just 8 bits, making it efficient in memory usage. Using larger data types like int or float would be wasteful in terms of memory without providing additional benefits for this use case.
An application performs arithmetic operations on various data types without modifying existing code. Which concept facilitates this?
- Template Functions
- Overloading
- Observer Pattern
- Factory Pattern
Template functions in C++ allow functions to operate on generic types. This means a single function template can work on different data types without any code modification. For arithmetic operations, using template functions ensures that the same function can work on integers, floats, complex numbers, etc.