When implementing indexing, factors to consider for mitigating the impact on write performance include selective indexing (indexing only the columns that are frequently queried), choosing an appropriate index maintenance strategy (e.g., periodic maintenance rather than immediate updates), and using index-only scans to reduce disk I/O during reads. Increasing the index size can have a negative impact on write performance, so it should be done judiciously.

To install a Node.js package globally, you should use the npm install -g command. This makes the package available for use across different projects. The other options may not work as expected or are not the recommended way to install packages globally.

To override ESLint rules for specific files or directories, you can create a .eslintignore file with patterns of the files or directories to be excluded from ESLint linting. The other options are not used for this purpose.

In Node.js, the 'data' event is emitted when data is available to read from a readable stream. This event allows you to consume the data as it becomes available. The other options are not standard events for this purpose.

In a sharded database architecture, a central coordinator (Option 2) often handles updates that affect multiple shards. Each shard (Option 3) independently handles updates for its own data, but coordinated updates across shards typically require a central component. Options 1 and 4 are not common methods for handling updates in sharded databases.

To efficiently extract specific properties from objects using destructuring assignment in JavaScript, you would use the syntax const { prop1, prop2 } = sourceObject;. This assigns the values of prop1 and prop2 from sourceObject to the corresponding variables. To handle non-existent properties, you can provide default values like const { prop1 = defaultValue1, prop2 = defaultValue2 } = sourceObject;. The other options are not correct ways to achieve this task.

A Distributed cache stores data in a shared location that can be accessed by multiple application instances. This allows multiple nodes of an application to share cached data, improving performance and reducing redundancy.

Readable Streams are used for reading data in Node.js. They allow you to read data from various sources, such as files, HTTP requests, and more, in a non-blocking and efficient manner.

In JavaScript, null represents the intentional absence of any value, while undefined indicates that a variable has been declared but has not been assigned a value. Understanding this difference is crucial for handling data in JavaScript effectively.

The primary use case for the rest operator in function parameters is to collect multiple arguments into an array. It allows a function to accept a variable number of arguments and access them as an array. The other options are not the intended use of the rest operator in this context.

Developers can specify the version of their package when publishing to the NPM registry using the npm version command followed by the desired version number, e.g., npm version 1.0.0. The other options do not perform this specific task.

In this scenario, you can efficiently handle multiple Promises using Promise.allSettled(). This method returns an array of results for all Promises, allowing you to handle both resolved and rejected Promises without stopping the execution of others. Promise.race() would stop execution on the first rejection, Promise.all() requires all to resolve, and Promise.any() stops on the first resolution.