Big Bang Integration Testing involves integrating all the modules or components at once after they are fully developed. This can sometimes lead to challenges in identifying defects as all components are integrated in one go without any incremental checks.

Configuration Management ensures consistency across various attributes of a product. One of these attributes is the 'physical' aspect, which relates to the tangible characteristics, components, and structure of the product. This is vital for ensuring the product meets the expected standards and requirements.

The "risk matrix" is a tool that visualizes risks in a matrix format, based on their likelihood (or probability) on one axis and their impact on another. By categorizing risks in this manner, teams can easily prioritize which risks need immediate attention and which can be addressed later or monitored.

Incremental Integration testing involves testing parts of a system sequentially as they're developed. In environments where multiple teams work on different components, this approach ensures that each new piece integrates smoothly with the existing parts, helping detect issues early and reducing integration risks.

The "Retesting" phase in the bug life cycle is when a specific defect or bug has been fixed and is tested to ensure its rectification. It's a verification process to confirm that the particular defect has been successfully addressed.

Component Testing: Also known as module or unit testing, this focuses on testing specific functions or modules of an application independently to ensure their performance. It aims to identify any issues at the component level before integrating them into the larger system.

Equivalence Partitioning is a test design technique where input data is divided into different equivalence classes based on their behavior. Testing only one value from each class is deemed sufficient. For a vast range of input numbers, it reduces the number of tests while ensuring effective coverage.

Regression Testing is the process of testing changes to applications to make sure that the older programming still works with the new changes. It's crucial when there are frequent code changes to ensure that new code doesn't negatively impact existing functionality.

Exploratory Testing involves testers exploring the software without pre-defined test cases or a specific plan. It's a dynamic process where testers learn the application and simultaneously design and execute tests to find defects.

"Heuristic Evaluation" is a usability inspection method where expert evaluators individually review an interface based on a list of recognized usability principles, known as heuristics. These evaluators identify usability problems in the design, allowing designers to rectify these issues for an improved user experience.

Regularly refactoring test cases is an essential practice when managing large-scale test suites. As the application under test evolves, some test cases may become redundant, outdated, or irrelevant. Refactoring ensures that the test suite remains lean, relevant, and more maintainable, thereby keeping its effectiveness over time.

Accessibility testing primarily aims to ensure that applications and websites are usable by people with disabilities like visual, auditory, cognitive, and motor impairments. While usability, compatibility, and performance are important, they are separate areas of testing. Accessibility testing focuses on ensuring equal access and inclusivity.